Ljung Karl, Schoon Petra L, Rudolf Marcus, Charrieau Laurie M, Ni Sha, Filipsson Helena L
Department of Geology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, Lund 223 62, Sweden.
ACS Omega. 2022 Sep 23;7(39):35102-35108. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04009. eCollection 2022 Oct 4.
Black carbon (BC), spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCP), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are carbonaceous pollutants affecting the climate, environment, and human health. International regulations limit their emissions, and the present emissions are followed by monitoring programs. However, the monitoring programs have limited spatio-temporal coverage and only span the last decades. We can extend the knowledge of historical emission rates by measuring pollution levels in radiometrically dated marine and lacustrine sediment sequences. Here we present measurements of BC, SCP, and PAH from a sediment sequence sampled in the Öresund strait, between Denmark and Sweden and dated back to CE 1850. Our data show a massive increase in the burial rates of all measured pollutants starting in the 1940s. The pollution deposition peaked in the 1970-1980s and declined through the 1990s. However, the declining trend was reversed in the 2000s. Source appointment of PAHs shows a relatively higher contribution of emissions from wood-burning since CE 2000. This coincides with a change towards the increased use of biomass for both municipal and regional energy production in Scandinavia. Our results demonstrate that changes in energy production have caused changes in the delivery of carbonaceous pollution to marine environments. The increase in particle emissions from wood burning is potentially posing a future environmental and health risk.
黑碳（BC）、球状碳质颗粒（SCP）和多环芳烃（PAH）是影响气候、环境和人类健康的碳质污染物。国际法规限制了它们的排放，目前的排放情况受到监测计划的跟踪。然而，监测计划的时空覆盖范围有限，仅涵盖过去几十年。我们可以通过测量放射性测年的海洋和湖泊沉积物序列中的污染水平来扩展对历史排放率的认识。在此，我们展示了从丹麦和瑞典之间的厄勒海峡采集的沉积物序列中BC、SCP和PAH的测量结果，该序列可追溯到公元1850年。我们的数据显示，从20世纪40年代开始，所有测量污染物的埋藏率都大幅增加。污染沉积在20世纪70 - 80年代达到峰值，并在20世纪90年代下降。然而，下降趋势在21世纪有所逆转。对多环芳烃的源解析表明，自公元2000年以来，木材燃烧排放的贡献相对较高。这与斯堪的纳维亚半岛城市和区域能源生产中生物质使用增加的变化相吻合。我们的结果表明，能源生产的变化导致了向海洋环境输送的碳质污染的变化。木材燃烧产生的颗粒物排放增加可能对未来的环境和健康构成风险。
