Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Thermochemical Energy Conversion Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Environ Pollut. 2020 Sep;264:114790. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114790. Epub 2020 May 11.
The ongoing transition to renewable fuel sources has led to increased use of wood and other biomass fuels. The physiochemical characteristics of biomass combustion derived aerosols depends on appliances, fuel and operation procedures, and particles generated during incomplete combustion are linked to toxicity. Frequent indoor wood burning is related to severe health problems such as negative effects on airways and inflammation, as well as chronic hypoxia and pathological changes in placentas, adverse pregnancy outcome, preterm delivery and increased risk of preeclampsia. The presence of combustion-derived black carbon particles at both the maternal and fetal side of placentas suggests that particles can reach the fetus. Air pollution particles have also been shown to inhibit trophoblast migration and invasion, which are vital functions for the development of the placenta during the first trimester. In this study we exposed a placental first trimester trophoblast cell line to wood smoke particles emitted under Nominal Burn rate (NB) or High Burn rate (HB). The particles were visible inside exposed cells and localized to the mitochondria, causing ultrastructural changes in mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Exposed cells showed decreased secretion of the pregnancy marker human chorionic gonadotropin, increased secretion of IL-6, disrupted membrane integrity, disrupted proliferation and contained specific polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the particles. Taken together, these results suggest that wood smoke particles can enter trophoblasts and have detrimental effects early in pregnancy by disrupting critical trophoblast functions needed for normal placenta development and function. This could contribute to the underlying mechanisms leading to pregnancy complications such as miscarriage, premature birth, preeclampsia and/or fetal growth restriction. This study support the general recommendation that more efficient combustion technologies and burning practices should be adopted to reduce some of the toxicity generated during wood burning.
向可再生燃料的转变导致了木材和其他生物质燃料的使用增加。生物质燃烧衍生气溶胶的物理化学特性取决于器具、燃料和操作程序，而不完全燃烧产生的颗粒与毒性有关。频繁的室内木材燃烧与严重的健康问题有关，例如对呼吸道和炎症的负面影响，以及慢性缺氧和胎盘的病理性变化、不良妊娠结局、早产和子痫前期风险增加。胎盘母体和胎儿两侧都存在燃烧衍生的黑碳颗粒，这表明颗粒可以到达胎儿。空气污染颗粒也被证明可以抑制滋养层的迁移和侵袭，这是胎盘在头三个月发育过程中的重要功能。在这项研究中，我们将胎盘滋养层细胞系暴露于标称燃烧率（NB）或高燃烧率（HB）下排放的木烟颗粒中。可见暴露细胞内的颗粒，并定位于线粒体，导致线粒体和内质网的超微结构发生变化。暴露的细胞表现出人绒毛膜促性腺激素（hCG）这种妊娠标志物分泌减少，IL-6 分泌增加，膜完整性受损，增殖受阻，并含有来自颗粒的特定多环芳烃（PAHs）。总的来说，这些结果表明，木烟颗粒可以进入滋养层，并通过干扰正常胎盘发育和功能所需的关键滋养层功能，在妊娠早期产生不利影响。这可能导致妊娠并发症的潜在机制，如流产、早产、子痫前期和/或胎儿生长受限。本研究支持采用更高效的燃烧技术和燃烧方法的普遍建议，以减少木材燃烧过程中产生的一些毒性。
