Pallavi Pragya, Harini Karthick, Anand Arumugam Vijaya, Gowtham Pemula, Girigoswami Koyeli, Muthukrishnan Saradhadevi, Girigoswami Agnishwar
Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai, TN 603103, India.
Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, TN 641046, India.
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Sep 30;2022:3011918. doi: 10.1155/2022/3011918. eCollection 2022.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a well-known remedial treatment for cancer, infections, and various other diseases. PDT uses nontoxic dyes called photosensitizers (PS) that are activated in visible light at the proper wavelength to generate ROS (reactive oxygen species) that aid in killing tumor cells and destroying pathogenic microbes. Deciding a suitable photosensitizer is essential for enhancing the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy. It is challenging to choose the photosensitizer that is appropriate for specific pathological circumstances, such as different cancer species. Porphyrin, chlorin, and bacteriochlorin are tetrapyrroles used with proper functionalization in PDT, among which some compound has been clinically approved. Most photosensitizers are hydrophobic, have minimum solubility, and exhibit cytotoxicity due to the dispersion in biological fluid. This paper reviewed some nanotechnology-based strategies to overcome these drawbacks. In PDT, metal nanoparticles are widely used due to their enhanced surface plasmon resonance. The self-assembled nano-drug carriers like polymeric micelles, liposomes, and metal-based nanoparticles play a significant role in solubilizing the photosensitizer to make them biocompatible.
光动力疗法（PDT）是一种治疗癌症、感染及其他多种疾病的著名疗法。PDT使用名为光敏剂（PS）的无毒染料，这些染料在适当波长的可见光下被激活，以产生活性氧（ROS），从而有助于杀死肿瘤细胞和消灭致病微生物。选择合适的光敏剂对于提高光动力疗法的疗效至关重要。选择适合特定病理情况（如不同癌症种类）的光敏剂具有挑战性。卟啉、二氢卟吩和细菌叶绿素是在PDT中经过适当功能化使用的四吡咯，其中一些化合物已获得临床批准。大多数光敏剂具有疏水性，溶解度极低，并且由于在生物流体中的分散而表现出细胞毒性。本文综述了一些基于纳米技术的策略来克服这些缺点。在PDT中，金属纳米颗粒因其增强的表面等离子体共振而被广泛使用。自组装纳米药物载体，如聚合物胶束、脂质体和金属基纳米颗粒，在使光敏剂溶解以使其具有生物相容性方面发挥着重要作用。
