The Christopher Chen Oocyte Biology Research Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.
EMBO Rep. 2022 Nov 7;23(11):e55251. doi: 10.15252/embr.202255251. Epub 2022 Oct 10.
Microtubules typically promote nuclear centring during early embryonic divisions in centrosome-containing vertebrates. In acentrosomal mouse zygotes, microtubules also centre male and female pronuclei prior to the first mitosis, this time in concert with actin. How nuclear centring is brought about in subsequent acentrosomal embryonic divisions has not been studied. Here, using time-lapse imaging in mouse embryos, we find that although nuclei are delivered to the cell centre upon completion of the first mitotic anaphase, the majority do not remain stationary and instead travel all the way to the cortex in a microtubule-dependent manner. High cytoplasmic viscosity in 2-cell embryos is associated with non-diffusive mechanisms involving actin for subsequent nuclear centring when microtubules again exert a negative influence. Thus, following the first mitotic division, pro-centring actin-dependent mechanisms work against microtubule-dependent de-centring forces. Disrupting the equilibrium of this tug-of-war compromises nuclear centring and symmetry of the subsequent division potentially risking embryonic development. This circuitous centring process exposes an embryonic vulnerability imposed by microtubule-dependent de-centring forces.
微管通常在中心体含有的脊椎动物早期胚胎分裂过程中促进核定位。在无中心体的小鼠受精卵中,微管在第一次有丝分裂之前也将雄性和雌性原核定位在细胞中心,此时与肌动蛋白协同作用。在随后的无中心体胚胎分裂中,核定位是如何发生的还没有被研究过。在这里,我们使用小鼠胚胎的延时成像,发现尽管细胞核在第一次有丝分裂后期完成后被运送到细胞中心,但大多数细胞核并没有静止不动,而是以微管依赖的方式一直移动到皮层。2 细胞胚胎中高的细胞质粘度与非扩散机制有关,涉及肌动蛋白,当微管再次产生负面影响时,用于随后的核定位。因此,在第一次有丝分裂后,原核定位的肌动蛋白依赖机制与微管依赖的去定位力相对抗。打破这种拉锯战的平衡会影响核定位和随后分裂的对称性,可能会危及胚胎发育。这种迂回的定位过程暴露了由微管依赖的去定位力引起的胚胎脆弱性。