, Dublin, Ireland.
Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W3), 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
Sci Rep. 2022 Oct 10;12(1):16982. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-21138-y.
The Great Hungarian Plain (GHP) served as a geographic funnel for population mobility throughout prehistory. Genomic and isotopic research demonstrates non-linear genetic turnover and technological shifts between the Copper and Iron Ages of the GHP, which influenced the dietary strategies of numerous cultures that intermixed and overlapped through time. Given the complexities of these prehistoric cultural and demographic processes, this study aims to identify and elucidate diachronic and culture-specific dietary signatures. We report on stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios from 74 individuals from nineteen sites in the GHP dating to a ~ 3000-year time span between the Early Bronze and Early Iron Ages. The samples broadly indicate a terrestrial C diet with nuanced differences amongst populations and through time, suggesting exogenous influences that manifested in subsistence strategies. Slightly elevated δN values for Bronze Age samples imply higher reliance on protein than in the Iron Age. Interestingly, the Füzesabony have carbon values typical of C vegetation indicating millet consumption, or that of a grain with comparable δC ratios, which corroborates evidence from outside the GHP for its early cultivation during the Middle Bronze Age. Finally, our results also suggest locally diverse subsistence economies for GHP Scythians.
匈牙利大平原（GHP）在整个史前时期一直是人口流动的地理漏斗。基因组和同位素研究表明，GHP 的铜器时代和铁器时代之间存在非线性的遗传更替和技术转变，这些转变影响了众多相互混合和重叠的文化的饮食策略。鉴于这些史前文化和人口过程的复杂性，本研究旨在确定和阐明历时和文化特异性的饮食特征。我们报告了来自 GHP 地区 19 个地点的 74 个人的稳定碳和氮同位素比值，这些样本的年代跨度约为 3000 年，涵盖了从早期青铜时代到早期铁器时代。这些样本广泛表明，人们以陆生 C 饮食为主，但不同人群和不同时间存在细微差异，这表明存在外来影响，这些影响体现在人们的生计策略中。青铜时代样本的 δN 值略高，表明其对蛋白质的依赖程度高于铁器时代。有趣的是，Füzesabony 的碳值与 C 植被典型值一致，表明其食用小米，或食用与小米具有可比 δC 比值的谷物，这与 GHP 以外地区的证据相符，表明其在中青铜时代已被早期种植。最后，我们的结果还表明，GHP 的斯基泰人存在当地多样化的生计经济。
