Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Valladolid, Spain.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2022;1384:17-29. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-06413-5_2.
A growing number of studies have shown the strong relationship between sleep and different cognitive processes, especially those that involve memory consolidation. Traditionally, these processes were attributed to mechanisms related to the macroarchitecture of sleep, as sleep cycles or the duration of specific stages, such as the REM stage. More recently, the relationship between different cognitive traits and specific waves (sleep spindles or slow oscillations) has been studied. We here present the most important physiological processes induced by sleep, with particular focus on brain electrophysiology. In addition, recent and classical literature were reviewed to cover the gap between sleep and cognition, while illustrating this relationship by means of clinical examples. Finally, we propose that future studies may focus not only on analyzing specific waves, but also on the relationship between their characteristics as potential biomarkers for multiple diseases.
越来越多的研究表明睡眠与不同认知过程之间存在密切关系，尤其是那些涉及记忆巩固的过程。传统上，这些过程归因于与睡眠的宏观结构相关的机制，如睡眠周期或特定阶段的持续时间，如 REM 阶段。最近，人们研究了不同认知特征与特定波（睡眠纺锤波或慢波振荡）之间的关系。我们在这里介绍睡眠诱导的最重要的生理过程，特别关注脑电生理学。此外，还回顾了最近和经典的文献，以填补睡眠与认知之间的空白，并通过临床实例来说明这种关系。最后，我们提出未来的研究不仅可以集中分析特定的波，还可以研究它们的特征之间的关系，作为多种疾病的潜在生物标志物。
