Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
IUBMB Life. 2023 May;75(5):427-439. doi: 10.1002/iub.2681. Epub 2022 Oct 27.
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are an ubiquitous feature of eukaryotic genomes and in recent decades have been shown to be highly abundant and varied. Many prominent examples have been described as having essential roles in regulating the expression of genes in different developmental and environmental contexts. As a result, much work has been done on elucidating the mechanisms by which they modulate the expression of protein coding genes. In this review, we focus on those which have been characterized in plants. We specifically examine common epigenetic mechanisms that regulate gene expression at the level of transcription. In this regard, we focus on the lncRNAs in plants that have primarily been associated with controlling the chromatin environment of genes at the level of modifications, RNA POLYMERASE II (RNAPII) processivity and efficiency of transcription, and mediating the formation of transcriptionally activating and repressive chromatin loops. We discuss open questions in plant lncRNA epigenetic regulation and opportunities for future study of functionally significant lncRNAs with yet-unknown epigenetic mechanisms.
长链非编码 RNA（lncRNA）是真核基因组中普遍存在的特征，近几十年来，人们发现它们的数量非常丰富且多样化。有许多突出的例子被描述为在不同的发育和环境背景下对基因表达具有重要作用。因此，人们已经做了大量的工作来阐明它们调节蛋白质编码基因表达的机制。在这篇综述中，我们专注于那些在植物中被描述的 lncRNA。我们特别研究了常见的表观遗传机制，这些机制在转录水平上调节基因表达。在这方面，我们专注于那些主要与控制基因染色质环境有关的植物 lncRNA，包括修饰、RNA 聚合酶 II（RNAPII）转录的持续性和效率，以及介导转录激活和抑制染色质环形成的 lncRNA。我们讨论了植物 lncRNA 表观遗传调控中的悬而未决的问题，并为未来研究具有未知表观遗传机制的功能显著的 lncRNA 提供了机会。
