The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065.
State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Oct 18;119(42):e2213080119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2213080119. Epub 2022 Oct 12.
Neurons in visual cortical areas primary visual cortex (V1) and V4 are adaptive processors, influenced by perceptual task. This is reflected in their ability to segment the visual scene into task-relevant and task-irrelevant stimulus components and by changing their tuning to task-relevant stimulus properties according to the current top-down instruction. Differences between the information represented in each area were seen. While V1 represented detailed stimulus characteristics, V4 filtered the input from V1 to carry the binary information required for the two-alternative judgement task. Neurons in V1 were activated at locations where the behaviorally relevant stimulus was placed well outside the grating-mapped receptive field. By systematically following the development of the task-dependent signals over the course of perceptual learning, we found that neuronal selectivity for task-relevant information was initially seen in V4 and, over a period of weeks, subsequently in V1. Once the learned information was represented in V1, on any given trial, task-relevant information appeared initially in V1 responses, followed by a 12-ms delay in V4. We propose that the shifting representation of learned information constitutes a mechanism for systems consolidation of memory.
视觉皮层区域的初级视皮层 (V1) 和 V4 中的神经元是自适应处理器，受感知任务的影响。这反映在它们将视觉场景分割成与任务相关和与任务不相关的刺激成分的能力上，以及根据当前的自上而下的指令改变它们对与任务相关的刺激属性的调谐上。在每个区域中表示的信息存在差异。虽然 V1 表示详细的刺激特征，但 V4 对 V1 的输入进行过滤，以携带用于二选一判断任务的二进制信息。V1 中的神经元在行为相关刺激放置在光栅映射感受野之外的位置被激活。通过在感知学习过程中系统地跟踪任务相关信号的发展，我们发现，对任务相关信息的神经元选择性最初出现在 V4 中，并且在数周的时间内，随后出现在 V1 中。一旦在 V1 中表示了学习到的信息，在任何给定的试验中，与任务相关的信息最初出现在 V1 反应中，然后在 V4 中延迟 12 毫秒。我们提出，学习信息的转移表示构成了记忆系统巩固的一种机制。
