Translational Medical Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
PeerJ. 2022 Oct 7;10:e14090. doi: 10.7717/peerj.14090. eCollection 2022.
Gut microbiota plays an important role in host health and is influenced by multiple factors. Hypobaric hypoxia usually existing at high altitude conditions can adversely affect normal physiological functions. However, the dynamic changes of gut microbiota influenced by hypobaric hypoxia have not been elucidated.
In this study, we collected fecal samples from seven rats at 14 time points from entering the hypobaric chamber (eight time points) to leaving the chamber (six time points) and five rats served as normoxic controls. Metagenome sequencing was performed on all samples and the dynamics of taxa and functions were analyzed.
We found that the -diversity was changed in the first 5 days after entering or leaving the hypobaric chamber. The -diversity analysis revealed that gut microbiota structure was significantly separated among 14 time points. After entering the chamber, the relative abundance of decreased and the most abundant genus turned into . The abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes showed an opposite trend and both have a significant change within 5 days after entering or leaving the hypobaric hypoxia chamber. Some obligate anaerobic bacteria belonging to and were significantly enriched after entering the chamber for 5 weeks, whereas Probiotics like and , and short-chain fatty acids producers like and were significantly enriched after leaving the chamber for 3 weeks. Microbial functions like 'Two-component regulatory system', 'beta-carotene biosynthesis' and 'Fatty acid biosynthesis' were significantly enriched after entering the chamber for 5 weeks. Hypobaric hypoxia conditions could deeply affect the diversity and structure of gut microbiota. The alterations of abundance of dominant taxa ( and ), increased anaerobes and decreased probiotics induced by hypobaric hypoxia conditions might affect the host health.
肠道微生物群在宿主健康中起着重要作用，并受到多种因素的影响。低气压缺氧通常存在于高海拔环境中，会对正常生理功能产生不利影响。然而，低气压缺氧对肠道微生物群的动态变化尚未阐明。
在这项研究中，我们从进入低气压室（8 个时间点）到离开低气压室（6 个时间点）的 7 只大鼠中收集了 14 个时间点的粪便样本，5 只大鼠作为常氧对照。对所有样本进行宏基因组测序，并分析分类群和功能的动态变化。
我们发现，进入或离开低气压室后的前 5 天，-多样性发生了变化。-多样性分析表明，肠道微生物群结构在 14 个时间点之间明显分离。进入室内后，减少，最丰富的属变成 。厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门的丰度呈相反趋势，进入或离开低气压缺氧室后 5 天内均有显著变化。进入室内 5 周后，属于 和 的一些专性厌氧菌显著富集，而进入室内 3 周后，像 和 这样的益生菌和像 和 这样的短链脂肪酸生产者显著富集。进入室内 5 周后，微生物功能如“双组分调节系统”、“β-胡萝卜素生物合成”和“脂肪酸生物合成”显著富集。低气压缺氧条件可深度影响肠道微生物群的多样性和结构。低气压缺氧条件下丰度增加的优势类群（和）、增加的厌氧菌和减少的益生菌的变化可能会影响宿主健康。
