Liu Ling, Chen Chaohong, Li YeShan, Ao Dang, Wu Jiayuan, Cai Nali, Li Wen, Xiang Min
Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
Clinical Research Service Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
Front Microbiol. 2024 Aug 23;15:1438213. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1438213. eCollection 2024.
The aim of this study is to comprehensively investigate the temporal dynamics of faecal gut microbiota and metabonomics in early postnatal with a focus on very low or extremely low birth weight (VLBW/ELBW) infants.
We collected faecal samples from 157 VLBW/ELBW infants at three time points: days 1, 14, and 28 in a prospective cohort study. The faecal microbial diversity, abundance, composition, and metabolomic analyses were determined using 16S rRNA sequencing and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Microbiome functional analyses were conducted utilizing PICRUSt2. The ecological association networks were employed to investigate the interactions between gut microbiota and identify the core genus within 28 days of birth, as well as to unveil correlations between taxa and metabolites.
(1) The alpha diversity of gut microbiota significantly decreased from D1 to D28, accompanied by an interrupted trajectory lacking obligate anaerobes. At the phylum level, the 16S RNA sequencing results showed an increase in Proteobacteria and a decrease in Firmicutes and Bacteroidota from D1 to D28. At the genus level, there was a decrease in the relative abundance of , and , with and emerging as the most abundant genera. (2) The analysis revealed a total of 561 metabolic markers that exhibited significant and distinct alterations between D1 and D14. (3) Ecological association networks revealed that the gut microbiota in D1 exhibited a significantly higher degree of microbial interactions compared to those in D14 and D28. Additionally, , , and were major contributors to the co-occurring network at these three time points. (4) Steroid hormone biosynthesis, including tetrahydrocortisone, androsterone glucuronide, androstenedione and etiocholanolone glucuronide, decreased within 28 days after birth.
We have successfully demonstrated a significant dysbiosis in the gut microbiota and a subsequent decrease in its diversity within 4 weeks postpartum in VLBW/ELBW infants. Monitoring the gut microbiota of VLBW/ELBW infants and promptly rectifying dysbiosis in the early stages may represent a potential therapeutic strategy.
本研究旨在全面调查出生后早期极低或超低出生体重（VLBW/ELBW）婴儿粪便肠道微生物群和代谢组学的时间动态变化。
在一项前瞻性队列研究中，我们在三个时间点（第1天、第14天和第28天）收集了157名VLBW/ELBW婴儿的粪便样本。使用16S rRNA测序和液相色谱串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）对粪便微生物多样性、丰度、组成和代谢组学进行分析。利用PICRUSt2进行微生物组功能分析。采用生态关联网络研究肠道微生物群之间的相互作用，确定出生后28天内的核心属，并揭示分类群与代谢物之间的相关性。
（1）肠道微生物群的α多样性从第1天到第28天显著降低，伴随着缺乏专性厌氧菌的中断轨迹。在门水平上，16S RNA测序结果显示，从第1天到第28天，变形菌门增加，厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门减少。在属水平上， 、 和 的相对丰度降低， 和 成为最丰富的属。（2）分析显示共有561个代谢标志物在第1天和第14天之间表现出显著且明显的变化。（3）生态关联网络显示，与第14天和第28天相比，第1天的肠道微生物群表现出显著更高程度的微生物相互作用。此外， 、 和 是这三个时间点共现网络的主要贡献者。（4）包括四氢可的松、雄酮葡糖苷酸、雄烯二酮和本胆烷醇酮葡糖苷酸在内的类固醇激素生物合成在出生后28天内减少。
我们成功证明了VLBW/ELBW婴儿产后4周内肠道微生物群存在显著失调，随后其多样性降低。监测VLBW/ELBW婴儿的肠道微生物群并在早期及时纠正失调可能是一种潜在的治疗策略。
