Schuppe Hans-Christian, Köhn Frank-Michael
Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Kinderurologie und Andrologie, Sektion Konservative Andrologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg GmbH - Standort Gießen, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gaffkystr. 14, 35385, Gießen, Deutschland.
Andrologicum München, Burgstr. 7, 80331, München, Deutschland.
Urologie. 2022 Nov;61(11):1217-1228. doi: 10.1007/s00120-022-01951-z. Epub 2022 Oct 13.
The identification of potential environmental hazards is of clinical relevance for the diagnosis of male infertility. Knowledge about these factors will improve prevention of fertility disorders. Apart from drugs or factors related to lifestyle such as alcohol and tobacco smoke, various environmental and occupational agents, both chemical and physical, may impair male reproduction. Reproductive toxicity may evolve at the hypothalamic-pituitary, testicular, or posttesticular level; endpoints comprise deterioration of spermatogenesis and sperm function as well as endocrine disorders and sexual dysfunction. However, due to the complex regulation of the male reproductive system, information regarding single exogenous factors and their mechanisms of action in humans is limited. This is also due to the fact that extrapolation of results obtained from experimental animal or in vitro studies remains difficult. Nevertheless, the assessment of relevant exposures to reproductive toxicants should be carefully evaluated during diagnostic procedures of andrological patients.
识别潜在的环境危害对男性不育症的诊断具有临床意义。了解这些因素将有助于改善对生育障碍的预防。除了药物或与生活方式相关的因素，如酒精和烟草烟雾外，各种环境和职业因素，包括化学和物理因素，都可能损害男性生殖功能。生殖毒性可能在下丘脑 - 垂体、睾丸或睾丸后水平发生；其终点包括精子发生和精子功能的恶化以及内分泌紊乱和性功能障碍。然而，由于男性生殖系统的调节复杂，关于单一外源性因素及其在人类中的作用机制的信息有限。这也是因为从实验动物或体外研究获得的结果难以外推至人类。尽管如此，在男科患者的诊断过程中，应仔细评估与生殖毒物的相关接触情况。
