Fernandez Maria Kristha, Sinha Molika, Renz Malte
Gynecologic Oncology Division, OBGYN Department, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Cancers (Basel). 2022 Sep 30;14(19):4788. doi: 10.3390/cancers14194788.
It is well-established that cancer and normal cells can be differentiated based on the altered and of specific proteins. There are only a few examples, however, showing that cancer and normal cells can be differentiated based on the altered of proteins within intracellular compartments. Here, we review available data on shifts in the intracellular distribution of two proteins, the membrane associated beta-catenin and the actin-binding protein CapG. Both proteins show altered distributions in cancer cells compared to normal cells. These changes are noted (i) in and thus can be visualized by immunohistochemistry-beta-catenin shifts from the plasma membrane to the cell nucleus in cancer cells; and (ii) in the distribution that can only be revealed using the tools of quantitative live cell microscopy-CapG shuttles faster into the cell nucleus of cancer cells. Both proteins may play a role as prognosticators in gynecologic malignancies: beta-catenin in endometrial cancer and CapG in breast and ovarian cancer. Thus, both proteins may serve as examples of altered intracellular protein distribution in cancer and normal cells.
众所周知，癌症细胞和正常细胞可以根据特定蛋白质的改变和[此处原文缺失部分内容]进行区分。然而，仅有少数例子表明癌症细胞和正常细胞可以根据细胞内区室中蛋白质的改变[此处原文缺失部分内容]进行区分。在此，我们综述了关于两种蛋白质（膜相关β-连环蛋白和肌动蛋白结合蛋白CapG）细胞内分布变化的现有数据。与正常细胞相比，这两种蛋白质在癌细胞中均表现出分布改变。这些变化表现为：（i）[此处原文缺失部分内容]，因此可通过免疫组织化学观察到——在癌细胞中β-连环蛋白从质膜转移至细胞核；以及（ii）[此处原文缺失部分内容]分布的变化，这只能通过定量活细胞显微镜技术来揭示——CapG更快地穿梭进入癌细胞的细胞核。这两种蛋白质在妇科恶性肿瘤中可能都具有预后指标的作用：β-连环蛋白在子宫内膜癌中，CapG在乳腺癌和卵巢癌中。因此，这两种蛋白质都可作为癌症细胞和正常细胞中细胞内蛋白质分布改变的例子。
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