Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Sep 25;23(19):11301. doi: 10.3390/ijms231911301.
Agriculture is facing increasing challenges with regard to achieving sustainable growth in productivity without negatively impacting the environment. The use of bioinoculants is emerging as a sustainable solution for agriculture, especially bioinoculants based on diazotrophic bacteria. Brazil is at the forefront of studies intended to identify beneficial diazotrophic bacteria, as well as in the molecular characterization of this association on both the bacterial and plant sides. Here we highlight the main advances in molecular studies to understand the benefits brought to plants by diazotrophic bacteria. Different molecular pathways in plants are regulated both genetically and epigenetically, providing better plant performance. Among them, we discuss the involvement of genes related to nitrogen metabolism, cell wall formation, antioxidant metabolism, and regulation of phytohormones that can coordinate plant responses to environmental factors. Another important aspect in this regard is how the plant recognizes the microorganism as beneficial. A better understanding of plant-bacteria-environment interactions can assist in the future formulation of more efficient bioinoculants, which could in turn contribute to more sustainable agriculture practices.
农业在实现生产力可持续增长而不影响环境方面面临着越来越多的挑战。生物接种剂的使用作为一种可持续的农业解决方案正在出现，特别是基于固氮细菌的生物接种剂。巴西在研究旨在识别有益固氮细菌方面处于领先地位，同时也在细菌和植物两方面对这种共生关系进行分子特征分析。在这里，我们重点介绍了分子研究方面的主要进展，以了解固氮细菌给植物带来的好处。植物中的不同分子途径受到遗传和表观遗传的调节，从而提供更好的植物性能。在这些途径中，我们讨论了与氮代谢、细胞壁形成、抗氧化代谢和植物激素调节相关的基因的参与，这些基因可以协调植物对环境因素的反应。在这方面的另一个重要方面是植物如何识别有益的微生物。更好地了解植物-细菌-环境的相互作用可以帮助未来更有效地制定生物接种剂，从而有助于更可持续的农业实践。
