School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China.
HSF/LWL Collaborative Innovation Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Sep 30;23(19):11586. doi: 10.3390/ijms231911586.
Linalool showed a broad-spectrum antibacterial effect, but few studies have elucidated the antibacterial mechanism of linalool on () to date. The present study aimed to uncover the antimicrobial activity and potential mechanism of linalool against by determining key enzyme activities and metabolites combined with a high-throughput method and metabolomic pathway analysis. As a result, linalool had excellent inhibitory activity against with MIC of 1.5 mL/L. In addition, the presence of linalool significantly altered the intracellular metabolic profile and a total of 346 differential metabolites were identified, of which 201 were up-regulated and 145 were down-regulated. The highlight pathways included beta-alanine metabolism, pantothenic acid and CoA metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Overall, linalool could cause metabolic disorders in cells, and the main metabolic pathways involved energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism and nucleic acid metabolism. In particular, the results of intracellular ATP content and related enzymatic activities (ATPase, SDH, and GOT) also highlighted that energy limitation and amino acid disturbance occurred intracellularly. Together, these findings provided new insights into the mechanism by which linalool inhibited and theoretical guidance for its development as a natural preservative.
芳樟醇表现出广谱的抗菌效果，但目前为止，关于芳樟醇对（）的抗菌机制，鲜少有研究阐明。本研究旨在通过测定关键酶活性和代谢物，结合高通量方法和代谢组学途径分析，揭示芳樟醇对（）的抗菌活性和潜在机制。结果表明，芳樟醇对（）具有优异的抑制活性，MIC 为 1.5 mL/L。此外，芳樟醇的存在显著改变了细胞内的代谢谱，共鉴定出 346 种差异代谢物，其中 201 种上调，145 种下调。主要途径包括β-丙氨酸代谢、泛酸和 CoA 代谢、丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢、烟酸和烟酰胺代谢。总体而言，芳樟醇可导致细胞内代谢紊乱，涉及的主要代谢途径包括能量代谢、氨基酸代谢和核酸代谢。特别是，细胞内 ATP 含量及相关酶活性（ATP 酶、SDH 和 GOT）的结果也强调了细胞内发生了能量限制和氨基酸干扰。这些发现为芳樟醇抑制（）的机制提供了新的见解，并为其作为天然防腐剂的开发提供了理论指导。
