School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
Molecules. 2022 Sep 20;27(19):6164. doi: 10.3390/molecules27196164.
is a well-known Asian medicinal plant with a major phytoconstituent of diterpene lactones, such as andrographolide, 14-deoxyandrographolide, and neoandrographolide. A World Health Organization (WHO) monograph on selected medicinal plants showed that extracts and its major diterpene lactones have promising anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antimalarial, anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, and hypoglycemic activities. However, these active phytochemicals have poor water solubility and bioavailability when delivered in a conventional dosage form. These biological barriers can be mitigated if the extract or isolated compound are delivered as nanoparticles. This review discusses existing studies and marketed products of in solid, liquid, semi-solid, and gaseous dosage forms, either as an extract or isolated pure compounds, as well as their deficits in reaching maximum bioavailability. The pharmaceutics and pharmacological activity of as a nano-delivery system are also discussed.
穿心莲是一种著名的亚洲药用植物，主要的植物成分是二萜内酯，如穿心莲内酯、14-去氧穿心莲内酯和新穿心莲内酯。世界卫生组织（WHO）的一份精选药用植物专论表明，穿心莲提取物及其主要二萜内酯具有有前途的抗炎、抗糖尿病、抗疟疾、抗癌、抗真菌、抗菌、抗氧化和降血糖作用。然而，当以常规剂型给药时，这些活性植物化学物质的水溶性和生物利用度较差。如果提取物或分离的化合物以纳米颗粒的形式给药，则可以减轻这些生物屏障。本综述讨论了穿心莲在固体、液体、半固体和气体剂型中的现有研究和市售产品，无论是作为提取物还是分离的纯化合物，以及它们在达到最大生物利用度方面的缺陷。还讨论了穿心莲作为纳米给药系统的药剂学和药理学活性。
