Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
Molecules. 2022 Sep 21;27(19):6181. doi: 10.3390/molecules27196181.
Fruits are the main food part of the European dewberry ( L.), known as a source of polyphenols and antioxidants, while very little attention is paid to leaves and stems, especially young first-year stems. The purpose of this work was to analyze for the first time water and ethanol extracts obtained from young, freshly developed, leaves and stems of the European dewberry to determine their antioxidant and biological activity, whereas most of the papers describe biological properties of leaves collected during summer or autumn. As the phytochemical profile changes during the growing season, the quantitative and qualitative content of flavonoid glycosides and flavonoid aglycones was analyzed using reversed phase liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The ability to inhibit hyaluronidase as well as antioxidant activity (2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl: DPPH and ferric antioxidant power: FRAP) were estimated. Extracts were also analyzed against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The results of the qualitative phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of flavonoid aglycones and flavonoid glycosides, with the highest amount of tiliroside, hyperoside, isoquercetin, astragalin, rutin and catechin in ethanol extracts. DPPH and FRAP tests proved the high antioxidant activity of the extracts from leaves or stems and the antihyaluronidase assay revealed for the first time that water and ethanol extracts obtained from the stems exhibited the ability to inhibit hyaluronidase activity resulting in an IC of 55.24 ± 3.21 and 68.7 ± 1.61 μg/mL, respectively. The antimicrobial activity has never been analyzed for European dewberry and was the highest for and -anaerobic sporulation rods as well as for both water and ethanol extracts.
水果是欧洲黑莓（L.）的主要食用部分，被认为是多酚和抗氧化剂的来源，而叶子和茎，尤其是当年新生长的嫩茎，却很少受到关注。本研究的目的是首次分析欧洲黑莓当年生嫩茎叶的水提物和醇提物，以确定其抗氧化和生物活性，而大多数文献描述的是夏季或秋季采集的叶片的生物特性。由于植物化学物质的组成在生长季节会发生变化，因此使用反相液相色谱/电喷雾电离三重四极杆质谱（LC-ESI-MS/MS）联用多反应监测（MRM）分析了花青苷糖苷和黄酮苷元的含量。通过抑制透明质酸酶的能力以及抗氧化活性（2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼：DPPH 和铁抗氧化能力：FRAP）来评估。还分析了提取物对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌的抗菌活性。定性植物化学分析的结果表明存在黄酮苷元和黄酮苷，其中乙醇提取物中桃叶珊瑚苷、金丝桃苷、异槲皮苷、芦丁、杨梅素和儿茶素的含量最高。DPPH 和 FRAP 试验证明了叶片或茎提取物具有高抗氧化活性，而透明质酸酶抑制试验首次表明，从茎中提取的水和醇提取物具有抑制透明质酸酶活性的能力，其 IC 分别为 55.24±3.21μg/mL 和 68.7±1.61μg/mL。欧洲黑莓的抗菌活性从未被分析过，对和厌氧产孢子杆菌以及对水和醇提取物都有最高的抗菌活性。
