Essential Oils as a Source of Ecofriendly Insecticides for (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and Their Potential Non-Target Effects.

The spotted wing drosophila () is one of the main invasive pests of small fruits in the world. Thus, 19 essential oils (EOs) were selected to analyze the effects through toxicity and repellency on oviposition and adults. In addition, their lethal and sublethal effects on the pupal endoparasitoid were evaluated. The EOs of and spp. had the highest toxicity observed in the topical application bioassay for . In contrast, the EOs of , QT , and showed the highest toxicity in the ingestion bioassay for . The dry residues of and QT reduced the oviposition of . In the repellency bioassays, the 19 EOs analyzed repelled ≅ 90% of the females. All EOs evaluated using the LC values of the products provided mortality of less than 20% of adults and did not cause a reduction in the parasitism of surviving females. We conclude that the EOs evaluated have the potential to be used in the management of . They can also serve as selective active ingredients for the formulation and synthesis of new biopesticides.