Bergamini Lopes Marcela Pagoti, Gomes Marcela Eloi, Celin Gustavo da Silva, Bello Heloísa Noemi, Henrique Rodney Lucio Pinheiro, Magalhães Izabela Ponso, Santos Louyne Varini, Tropaldi Leandro, Pascholate Sergio F, Furtado Edson Luiz, Firmino Ana Carolina
School of Engineering, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Ilha Solteira 15385-000, Brazil.
College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Dracena 17900-000, Brazil.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Sep 22;11(19):2477. doi: 10.3390/plants11192477.
Anthracnose, caused by fungi of the genus is present in the main areas where rubber trees () are planted. Thus, considering that biological agents can be an alternative for disease control, the present study aimed to carry out initial studies to investigate the response of rubber tree seedlings inoculated with Colletotrichum and treated with saprobes fungi from the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil (, , and ). Seedlings of the rubber tree clone RRIM600 were sprayed with biocontrol agents as preventive and curative treatments seven days before and after inoculation, respectively. Assessments included plant response to disease expression based on the percentage of symptomatic area on treated leaves, percentage of graft death, and percentage of apical death in seedlings 30 days after inoculation with . In addition, the enzymes peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) had their activity quantified by their association with plant resistance to pathogens. The fungus had the best result in controlling anthracnose when applied as a preventive treatment, showing 10% less disease than the untreated plant. The same was observed for the fungus when used in the curative form. These fungi also reduced the graft death. In these cases, PAL activity was higher and may be linked to the induction of resistance against the pathogen. The peroxidase activity was not expressive for treatments with saprobic fungi in the periods studied. Therefore, among the tested fungi, and are promising for the control of anthracnose, deserving further studies.
炭疽病由炭疽菌属真菌引起，在橡胶树（Hevea brasiliensis）种植的主要区域均有发生。因此，考虑到生物制剂可作为疾病防治的一种替代方法，本研究旨在开展初步研究，以调查接种炭疽菌并使用来自巴西东北部半干旱地区的腐生真菌（Aspergillus flavus、Aspergillus niger、Penicillium chrysogenum和Trichoderma viride）处理的橡胶树幼苗的反应。分别在接种炭疽菌前7天和接种后7天，对橡胶树RRIM600克隆幼苗喷施生物防治剂作为预防和治疗处理。评估内容包括接种炭疽菌30天后，基于处理叶片上症状区域百分比、接穗死亡百分比和幼苗顶端死亡百分比的植株对病害表现的反应。此外，通过过氧化物酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）与植物对病原体抗性的关联来定量其活性。真菌Trichoderma viride作为预防处理应用于炭疽病防治时效果最佳，与未处理植株相比，病害减少了10%。真菌Aspergillus niger以治疗形式使用时也观察到同样的情况。这些真菌还降低了接穗死亡率。在这些情况下，PAL活性较高，可能与诱导对病原体的抗性有关。在所研究的时期内，腐生真菌处理的过氧化物酶活性不明显。因此，在所测试的真菌中，Trichoderma viride和Aspergillus niger在炭疽病防治方面具有潜力，值得进一步研究。
