Ferraro K F
J Gerontol. 1987 Sep;42(5):528-33. doi: 10.1093/geronj/42.5.528.
Previous health research on the double jeopardy of being Black and old is largely based upon subjective assessments of health. This article discusses the measurement of health with the understanding that health indicators vary in their degree of objectivity/subjectivity and examines the double jeopardy thesis with data from a national sample of older adults. The results indicate that older Blacks tend to have poorer health, as judged by perceived health and disability, than older Whites. However, there is no evidence that the health differential between elderly Whites and elderly Blacks varies with age; the results do not support the double jeopardy hypothesis. The analysis also illustrates ways to assess the difference of effects in a multivariate model applied to more than one group.
先前关于黑人与老年人双重不利处境的健康研究主要基于对健康的主观评估。本文在理解健康指标在客观/主观程度上存在差异的基础上讨论了健康的衡量方法，并利用来自全国老年人样本的数据检验了双重不利处境假说。结果表明，从自我感知的健康状况和残疾情况来看，老年黑人的健康状况往往比老年白人更差。然而，没有证据表明老年白人与老年黑人之间的健康差异会随着年龄而变化；研究结果不支持双重不利处境假说。该分析还说明了在应用于多个群体的多变量模型中评估效应差异的方法。
