Naumova Katerina
Department of Psychology, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia.
Front Psychol. 2022 Sep 30;13:1007594. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1007594. eCollection 2022.
This study examined the structural validity and reliability of the DASS-21 in a large sample ( = 4,202) of secondary school students from North Macedonia ( = 16.43 ± 1.04, 65% girls). Based on theoretical and empirical considerations, five structural models were compared using confirmatory factor analysis. The original three-factor model provided good fit to the data; however, high interfactor correlations indicated that the depression, anxiety, and stress factors were indistinguishable. The bifactor solution yielded superior fit relative to other tested models. Factor loading patterns revealed a strong general factor and some specificity of the depression and anxiety factors, whereas the stress items were primarily markers of general distress. Model-based reliability and ancillary bifactor indices revealed that the DASS-21 is essentially unidimensional. Thus, only the total score could be used as a reliable measure of general emotional distress, while subscale scores should be avoided. Overall, the findings provide further support for the cross-cultural validity of the DASS-21 and confirm that it is suitable for use among older adolescents in North Macedonia.
本研究在来自北马其顿的大量中学生样本（n = 4202，年龄 = 16.43 ± 1.04岁，65%为女生）中检验了抑郁、焦虑和压力量表-21（DASS-21）的结构效度和信度。基于理论和实证考量，使用验证性因素分析比较了五个结构模型。最初的三因素模型对数据拟合良好；然而，高因素间相关性表明抑郁、焦虑和压力因素无法区分。双因素解决方案相对于其他测试模型产生了更好的拟合度。因素负荷模式显示出一个强大的一般因素以及抑郁和焦虑因素的一些特异性，而压力项目主要是一般痛苦的指标。基于模型的信度和辅助双因素指标表明DASS-21本质上是单维的。因此，只有总分可作为一般情绪困扰的可靠度量，而应避免使用分量表分数。总体而言，研究结果为DASS-21的跨文化效度提供了进一步支持，并证实它适用于北马其顿的青少年。
