Alsugoor Mahdi H
Emergency Medical Services, College of Health Sciences-AlQunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah Province, SAU.
Cureus. 2022 Sep 9;14(9):e28992. doi: 10.7759/cureus.28992. eCollection 2022 Sep.
Drug overdose is a medico-social issue worldwide that may occur intentionally or unintentionally. It is one of the most common reasons for emergency department visits, and it is also a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality globally. This study aims to determine the occurrence of acute toxicity cases and their management outcomes at the emergency departments in Qassim Province hospitals in Saudi Arabia. In addition, the study aims to investigate the antidote availabilities at those medical centers.
A retrospective hospital record-based study of acute toxicity cases admitted to the emergency department in hospitals in Qassim during the period from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020, was conducted. Data were collected based on hospital resources such as gastrointestinal decontamination, stabilization, elimination enhancement resources, and antidotes from Qassim hospitals, and the availability of antidotes as well as the clinical data of the patients with the management outcome.
A total of 264 patients with acute toxicity were admitted to the emergency departments of 14 hospitals in Qassim Province in 2020. Of the 264 cases, 179 (68%) were males, and 85 (32%) cases were females. Ninety-five percent of the cases were admitted to public hospitals, whereas 5% were admitted to private hospitals. The largest group by age of admitted cases were aged 11-20 years (19.3%). This study showed that 99% received appropriate treatment for their cause of toxicity, whereas 1% did not. The most common causes of toxicity in Qassim were found to be food poisoning (20.5%), followed by intentional suicide attempts with warfarin/enoxaparin/aspirin overdoses (15.9%) and acetaminophen (paracetamol) overdosage seen in 15.5% of admitted cases. Flagyl, in addition to fluids, was used in the management of 16.7% of cases, N-acetyl cysteine was used for 16.3%, and vitamins K and B6 were used for 14.0% of cases. Activated charcoal, atropine, calcium chloride, calcium gluconate, flumazenil, insulin, magnesium, sodium bicarbonate, and vitamin K were available at all the studied hospitals. However, all the hospitals lacked both ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and a cyanide kit. Methylene blue and leucovorin were available in only one of the studied hospitals.
药物过量是一个全球性的医学社会问题，可能有意或无意发生。它是急诊科就诊的最常见原因之一，也是全球发病和死亡的常见原因。本研究旨在确定沙特阿拉伯卡西姆省医院急诊科急性中毒病例的发生情况及其治疗结果。此外，该研究旨在调查这些医疗中心解毒剂的可用性。
对2020年1月1日至2020年12月31日期间卡西姆医院急诊科收治的急性中毒病例进行了一项基于医院记录的回顾性研究。根据医院资源收集数据，如胃肠道去污、稳定、增强排泄资源以及卡西姆医院的解毒剂，解毒剂的可用性以及患者的临床数据和治疗结果。
2020年卡西姆省14家医院的急诊科共收治了264例急性中毒患者。在这264例病例中，179例（68%）为男性，85例（32%）为女性。95%的病例入住公立医院，5%入住私立医院。入院病例中年龄最大的群体为11 - 20岁（19.3%）。本研究表明，99%的患者因中毒原因接受了适当治疗，而1%的患者没有。卡西姆最常见的中毒原因是食物中毒（20.5%），其次是使用华法林/依诺肝素/阿司匹林过量进行的故意自杀未遂（15.9%），15.5%的入院病例出现对乙酰氨基酚（扑热息痛）过量。除补液外，甲硝唑用于16.7%的病例治疗，N - 乙酰半胱氨酸用于16.3%的病例，维生素K和B6用于14.0%的病例。所有研究医院均有活性炭、阿托品、氯化钙、葡萄糖酸钙、氟马西尼、胰岛素、镁、碳酸氢钠和维生素K。然而，所有医院都缺乏乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）和氰化物试剂盒。亚甲蓝和亚叶酸仅在一家研究医院有。
