Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, 2260000, Quillota, Chile.
Department of Chemical Engineering, CIEPQPF, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II - Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2022 Nov;106(22):7431-7447. doi: 10.1007/s00253-022-12221-5. Epub 2022 Oct 18.
The development of an effective, realistic, and sustainable microbial biorefinery depends on several factors, including as one of the key aspects an adequate selection of microbial strain. The oleaginous red yeast Rhodotorula sp. has been studied as one powerful source for a plethora of high added-value biomolecules, such as carotenoids, lipids, and enzymes. Although known for over a century, the use of Rhodotorula sp. as resource for valuable products has not yet commercialized. Current interests for Rhodotorula sp. yeast have sparked from its high nutritional versatility and ability to convert agro-food residues into added-value biomolecules, two attractive characteristics for designing new biorefineries. In addition, as for other yeast-based bioprocesses, the overall process sustainability can be maximized by a proper integration with subsequent downstream processing stages, for example, by using eco-friendly solvents for the recovery of intracellular products from yeast biomass. This review intends to reflect on the current state of the art of microbial bioprocesses using Rhodotorula species. Therefore, we will provide an analysis of bioproduction performance with some insights regarding downstream separation steps for the extraction of high added-value biomolecules (specifically using efficient and sustainable platforms), providing information regarding the potential applications of biomolecules produced by Rhodotorula sp, as well as detailing the strengths and limitations of yeast-based biorefinery approaches. Novel genetic engineering technologies are further discussed, indicating some directions on their possible use for maximizing the potential of Rhodotorula sp. as cell factories. KEY POINTS: • Rhodotorula sp. are valuable source of high value-added compounds. • Potential of employing Rhodotorula sp. in a multiple product biorefinery. • Future perspectives in the biorefining of Rhodotorula sp. were discussed.
有效的、现实的和可持续的微生物生物炼制的发展取决于几个因素，包括作为关键方面之一的适当选择微生物菌株。产油红色酵母 Rhodotorula sp. 已被研究为多种高附加值生物分子（如类胡萝卜素、脂质和酶）的强大来源。尽管已经研究了一个多世纪，但 Rhodotorula sp. 作为有价值产品的资源尚未实现商业化。目前，人们对 Rhodotorula sp. 酵母的兴趣源于其高营养多功能性和将农业食品残渣转化为高附加值生物分子的能力，这两个特点对于设计新的生物炼制厂很有吸引力。此外，与其他基于酵母的生物过程一样，通过适当整合后续下游加工阶段（例如，使用环保溶剂从酵母生物质中回收细胞内产物），可以最大限度地提高整体过程的可持续性。 本综述旨在反映使用 Rhodotorula 属微生物生物过程的最新技术状态。因此，我们将对生物生产性能进行分析，并对提取高附加值生物分子的下游分离步骤（特别是使用高效和可持续的平台）提供一些见解，提供有关 Rhodotorula sp. 生产的生物分子的潜在应用的信息，以及详细说明基于酵母的生物炼制方法的优缺点。进一步讨论了新型遗传工程技术，并指出了它们在最大限度地发挥 Rhodotorula sp. 作为细胞工厂的潜力方面的可能用途。 要点： • Rhodotorula sp. 是高附加值化合物的有价值来源。 • 在多产品生物炼制中利用 Rhodotorula sp. 的潜力。 • 讨论了 Rhodotorula sp. 生物炼制的未来展望。
