粘红酵母：一种理想的微生物细胞工厂，可用于生产油脂化学品、类胡萝卜素和其他产品。
Rhodotorula toruloides: an ideal microbial cell factory to produce oleochemicals, carotenoids, and other products.
机构信息
Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China.
Key Laboratory of Metabolic Engineering and Biosynthesis Technology of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China.
出版信息
World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2021 Dec 7;38(1):13. doi: 10.1007/s11274-021-03201-4.
Requirement of clean energy sources urges us to find substitutes for fossil fuels. Microorganisms provide an option to produce feedstock for biofuel production by utilizing inexpensive, renewable biomass. Rhodotorula toruloides (Rhodosporidium toruloides), a non-conventional oleaginous yeast, can accumulate intracellular lipids (single cell oil, SCO) more than 70% of its cell dry weight. At present, the SCO-based biodiesel is not a price-competitive fuel to the petroleum diesel. Many efforts are made to cut the cost of SCO by strengthening the performance of genetically modified R. toruloides strains and by valorization of low-cost biomass, including crude glycerol, lignocellulosic hydrolysates, food and agro waste, wastewater, and volatile fatty acids. Besides, optimization of fermentation and SCO recovery processes are carefully studied as well. Recently, new R. toruloides strains are developed via metabolic engineering and synthetic biology methods to produce value-added chemicals, such as sesquiterpenes, fatty acid esters, fatty alcohols, carotenoids, and building block chemicals. This review summarizes recent advances in the main aspects of R. toruloides studies, namely, construction of strains with new traits, valorization of low-cost biomass, process detection and optimization, and product recovery. In general, R. toruloides is a promising microbial cell factory for production of biochemicals.
对清洁能源的需求促使我们寻找化石燃料的替代品。微生物提供了一种利用廉价、可再生生物质生产生物燃料原料的选择。产朊假丝酵母（粘红酵母）是一种非常规的油脂酵母，其细胞内脂质（单细胞油，SCO）可积累到细胞干重的 70%以上。目前，基于 SCO 的生物柴油在价格上还无法与石油柴油竞争。许多人努力通过强化基因改造后的 R. toruloides 菌株的性能以及利用廉价生物质（包括粗甘油、木质纤维素水解物、食品和农业废弃物、废水和挥发性脂肪酸）来降低 SCO 的成本。此外，还对发酵和 SCO 回收工艺的优化进行了仔细研究。最近，通过代谢工程和合成生物学方法开发了新型 R. toruloides 菌株，以生产有价值的化学品，如倍半萜烯、脂肪酸酯、脂肪醇、类胡萝卜素和建筑块化学品。本综述总结了 R. toruloides 研究的主要方面的最新进展，即具有新特性的菌株的构建、廉价生物质的利用、过程检测和优化以及产物回收。总的来说，产朊假丝酵母是生产生物化学制品的一种很有前途的微生物细胞工厂。
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