Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5 Tizapán, 97100, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
CONACYT-GERMOLAB/Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2023 Jan 30;301:115840. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115840. Epub 2022 Oct 17.
Approximately 80% of people in developing countries depend on medicinal plants for their health care. Tridax procumbens (T. procumbens) and Allium sativum (A. sativum) have beneficial effects against parasitic and bacterial diseases. On the other side, the biological activity of the oxylipin (3S)-16,17-didehydrofalcarinol isolated from T. procumbens against the parasite Leishmania mexicana has been verified.
To evaluate the acute oral toxicity of the methanolic extract of T. procumbens, the aqueous extract of A. sativum, their mixture, and pure oxylipin (3S)-16,17-didehydrofalcarinol in BALB/c mice.
Doses of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg of the methanolic extract of T. procumbens, the aqueous extract of A. sativum, and their mixture (1:1), and doses of 300 and 500 mg/kg of pure oxylipin were administered orally to female mice of the strain BALB/c, which were observed for 72 h in search of signs of toxicity. After 14 days, the animals were euthanized, blood was extracted for the measurement of transaminases, and the livers were recovered and stained with hematoxylin/eosin for histopathological analysis.
No clinical signs of toxicity were observed in any of the animals dosed with T. procumbens and A. sativum extracts, while the majority of the animals dosed with pure oxylipin showed signs of toxicity and died. There was no difference in the weight index in most of the animals, except for the animals treated with T. procumbens at doses of 2000 mg/kg who presented an increase in the weight index, nor was there a correlation between the dose of A. sativum and the mixture and food consumption; however, a direct proportional correlation was observed between T. procumbens dose and food consumption. In none of the animals dosed with T. procumbens, A. sativum, and the mixture there was a difference in the levels of transaminases. In the histopathology study, slight lesions were observed in the hepatocytes of the mice treated with T. procumbens, A. sativum, and their mixture at doses of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg. On the other side, moderate injuries were observed in animals treated with pure oxylipin and it was considered as toxic due to almost all the animals died.
The extracts of T. procumbens and A. sativum evaluated and applied orally did not cause signs of acute toxicity or severe liver damage, suggesting to evaluate their chronic toxicity including other biochemical parameters in the future. However, pure oxylipin caused signs of acute toxicity and death so it is recommended to work with lower doses.
发展中国家约有 80%的人依赖药用植物来维持健康。千里光（T. procumbens）和大蒜（A. sativum）对寄生虫和细菌疾病有有益的影响。另一方面，从千里光中分离出的类脂氧素（3S）-16,17-二去氢法卡林醇对寄生虫利什曼原虫具有生物活性。
评估千里光甲醇提取物、大蒜水提取物、它们的混合物以及纯类脂氧素（3S）-16,17-二去氢法卡林醇对 BALB/c 小鼠的急性口服毒性。
给雌性 BALB/c 小鼠灌胃 2000 和 5000mg/kg 千里光甲醇提取物、大蒜水提取物及其混合物（1:1），以及 300 和 500mg/kg 纯类脂氧素，观察 72 小时有无毒性迹象。14 天后，处死动物，取血检测转氨酶，回收肝脏并用苏木精/伊红染色进行组织病理学分析。
用千里光和大蒜提取物给动物给药后，没有观察到任何毒性迹象，而用纯类脂氧素给大多数动物给药后，出现了毒性迹象并死亡。除了用 2000mg/kg 千里光处理的动物体重指数增加外，大多数动物的体重指数没有差异，也没有观察到大蒜和混合物的剂量与食物消耗之间的相关性；然而，观察到千里光剂量与食物消耗之间存在直接比例关系。用千里光、大蒜和混合物给动物给药后，没有观察到转氨酶水平的差异。在组织病理学研究中，用 2000 和 5000mg/kg 剂量的千里光、大蒜和混合物处理的小鼠的肝细胞中观察到轻微病变。另一方面，用纯类脂氧素处理的动物观察到中度损伤，由于几乎所有动物死亡，因此被认为是有毒的。
经口评估和应用的千里光和大蒜提取物未引起急性毒性或严重肝损伤的迹象，这表明未来应评估其慢性毒性，包括其他生化参数。然而，纯类脂氧素引起了急性毒性和死亡的迹象，因此建议使用较低的剂量。
