ADHD 与 COVID-19 感染及临床结局的相关性：一项来自电子病历的回顾性队列研究。
Association Between ADHD and COVID-19 Infection and Clinical Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study From Electronic Medical Records.
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA.
出版信息
J Atten Disord. 2023 Jan;27(2):169-181. doi: 10.1177/10870547221129305. Epub 2022 Oct 20.
OBJECTIVE
Though psychiatric illnesses have been associated with increased COVID-19 infection risk, limited information exists about the relationship between ADHD and COVID-19.
METHODS
Using the TriNetX COVID-19 Research Network, we examined the impact of ADHD diagnosis and treatment on COVID-19 infection rates and outcomes.
RESULTS
ADHD patients had greater risk of COVID-19 (risk ratio (RR) 1.11, 95% CI [1.09, 1.12]). Increased risk was higher in females than males, and highest among Asian and Black patients. Within 60 days after COVID-19 diagnosis, ADHD patients had lower rates of hospitalization (RR 0.91, 95% CI [0.86, 0.96]) and mechanical ventilation (RR 0.69, 95% CI [0.58, 0.83]), and a nonsignificant reduced death rate (RR 0.65, 95% CI [0.42, 1.02]). Patients who recently received ADHD medication had higher rates of COVID-19 (RR 1.13; 95% CI [1.10, 1.15]).
CONCLUSION
ADHD poses increased risk for COVID-19, but may reduce risk of severe outcomes. ADHD medications modestly impacted COVID-19 risk.
目的
尽管精神疾病与 COVID-19 感染风险增加有关，但有关 ADHD 与 COVID-19 之间关系的信息有限。
方法
我们使用 TriNetX COVID-19 研究网络，研究了 ADHD 诊断和治疗对 COVID-19 感染率和结局的影响。
结果
ADHD 患者 COVID-19 的风险增加（风险比 (RR) 1.11，95%CI [1.09, 1.12]）。女性的风险高于男性，亚洲和黑人患者的风险最高。在 COVID-19 诊断后 60 天内，ADHD 患者的住院率（RR 0.91，95%CI [0.86, 0.96]）和机械通气率（RR 0.69，95%CI [0.58, 0.83]）较低，死亡率无显著降低（RR 0.65，95%CI [0.42, 1.02]）。最近接受 ADHD 药物治疗的患者 COVID-19 发生率较高（RR 1.13；95%CI [1.10, 1.15]）。
结论
ADHD 增加了 COVID-19 的风险，但可能降低了严重结局的风险。ADHD 药物对 COVID-19 风险的影响适度。
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