中国城市中居家老年人对接受志愿者服务的体验和期望：一项定性研究。
Experiences and expectations of receiving volunteer services among home-based elderly in Chinese urban areas: A qualitative study.
机构信息
Department of Nursing, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology/School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
School of Sociology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
出版信息
Health Expect. 2022 Dec;25(6):3164-3174. doi: 10.1111/hex.13624. Epub 2022 Oct 20.
BACKGROUND
The various complex needs for assistance among home-based older adults have increased dramatically. Thus, it would be advantageous to recruit volunteers with medical knowledge and a better understanding to support and assist the elderly living in urban communities.
AIM
This study aimed to explore the experiences and expectations of receiving volunteer services among the home-based elderly in Chinese urban areas. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted following the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines. This study was performed in two communities in Wuhan, Hubei Province. A purposive sampling method, which includes criterion and maximum variation sampling, was used to identify and select a diverse range of participants. Semistructured face-to-face interviews with 20 older adults (aged 62-90 years old) were performed. The conventional content analysis method was used for thematic analysis.
RESULTS
Three categories with associated subcategories were identified: experiences of receiving volunteer services including negative and positive experiences; specific needs for volunteer services involving physiological, psychosocial, health-related behaviours and environmental domains; characteristics of expected volunteer services including availability, formats, recipients, providers and service strategies.
CONCLUSIONS
The volunteer services provided to the home-based elderly were found to be unsatisfactory, and lacking relevance and effectiveness. Due to a lack of family support or difficulty in meeting some high-level needs, the home-based elderly expressed a strong demand for volunteer services involving physiological, psychosocial, health-related behaviours and environmental domains. This finding can provide a basis for developing training plans beneficial to volunteers. Furthermore, the present research clarifies the criteria for selecting volunteers and the necessity of supervising and managing volunteers. Improving the effectiveness and accessibility of urban-community volunteer service may reduce the burden on care institutions and home caregivers while enhancing the quality of life and well-being of the elderly.
PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION
Developing research questions, study design, management and conduct and interpretation of evidence.
背景
居家老年人的各种复杂援助需求急剧增加。因此，招募具有医学知识和更好理解能力的志愿者来支持和帮助居住在城市社区的老年人将是有利的。
目的
本研究旨在探讨中国城市居家老年人接受志愿者服务的体验和期望。
设计、地点和参与者：本研究遵循《定性研究报告的统一标准》（CONSORT）指南进行描述性定性研究。本研究在湖北省武汉市的两个社区进行。采用目的抽样法，包括标准和最大变异抽样法，确定并选择了不同类型的参与者。对 20 名年龄在 62-90 岁之间的老年人进行了半结构化的面对面访谈。采用常规内容分析法进行主题分析。
结果
确定了三个类别及其相关亚类：接受志愿者服务的体验，包括负面和正面的体验；志愿者服务的具体需求，涉及生理、心理社会、健康相关行为和环境领域；预期志愿者服务的特点，包括可用性、形式、接受者、提供者和服务策略。
结论
为居家老年人提供的志愿者服务被发现不尽如人意，缺乏相关性和有效性。由于缺乏家庭支持或难以满足一些高层次的需求，居家老年人对涉及生理、心理社会、健康相关行为和环境领域的志愿者服务表达了强烈的需求。这一发现可以为制定有利于志愿者的培训计划提供依据。此外，本研究阐明了选择志愿者的标准以及监督和管理志愿者的必要性。提高城市社区志愿者服务的有效性和可及性，可以减轻护理机构和居家照顾者的负担，同时提高老年人的生活质量和幸福感。
患者或公众贡献
提出研究问题、研究设计、管理和进行以及证据解释。
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