与中国城市地区居家老年人对自愿服务援助的感知需求相关的因素：一项横断面研究。
Factors associated with the perceived need for assistance from voluntary services in home-based older adults in Chinese urban areas: a cross-sectional study.
机构信息
Department of Nursing, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
出版信息
BMC Geriatr. 2023 Oct 6;23(1):624. doi: 10.1186/s12877-023-04354-7.
BACKGROUND
With China's rapidly aging population, meeting the diverse care needs of senior citizens is becoming more challenging. Although voluntary social services have numerous advantages and are popular among older adults, there is little information on the need for assistance from volunteer-based social services, particularly those with a medical background, and influencing factors among urban home-based older adults. This study aimed to assess the need for assistance from voluntary services and related factors among urban home-based older adults in China.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022 on communities in four cities in China. The 27-item Home-Based Older Adults Assistance Need Scale was used to measure the assistance needs of 498 participants aged 60 and above. Multiple linear regression models were conducted to identify salient variables associated with the need for assistance from voluntary services.
RESULTS
The mean score of the need for assistance from voluntary services was 88.60 ± 24.37. The mean scores of the items examining four dimensions, namely, health maintenance, visiting communication, social intercourse, and daily life, were 3.64 ± 1.08, 3.49 ± 1.04, 3.33 ± 1.08, and 2.78 ± 1.08, respectively. The level of depression, willingness to assist older adults, attaching importance to health preservation, ability to self-comfort, desire to accept assistance from others, and the presence of more children or none at all were all positively correlated with the perceived need for assistance from voluntary services. In contrast, social care obtained from visiting medical institutions was negatively correlated. These seven factors explained 28.5% of the total variance.
CONCLUSIONS
Urban home-based older adults in China were found to have significant requirements for assistance from volunteer services, and several complex factors were associated with more significant assistance needs. These findings may encourage the extremely limited numbers of social volunteers, particularly those with a medical background, to identify priorities in providing assistance services to the large numbers of urban home-based older adults and thus improve service delivery.
背景
随着中国人口的快速老龄化，满足老年人多样化的护理需求变得越来越具有挑战性。尽管志愿社会服务有很多优势，并且在老年人中很受欢迎，但关于城市居家老年人对基于志愿的社会服务（尤其是具有医学背景的服务）的需求以及影响因素的信息很少。本研究旨在评估中国城市居家老年人对志愿服务的需求及其相关因素。
方法
本研究采用横断面研究方法，于 2022 年在我国四个城市的社区中进行。使用包含 27 个条目的居家老年人援助需求量表，对 498 名 60 岁及以上的参与者的援助需求进行测量。采用多元线性回归模型来识别与对志愿服务的援助需求相关的显著变量。
结果
志愿服务援助需求的平均得分为 88.60±24.37。四个维度（健康维护、探访交流、社会交往和日常生活）的平均得分分别为 3.64±1.08、3.49±1.04、3.33±1.08 和 2.78±1.08。抑郁程度、愿意帮助老年人、重视健康保护、自我安慰能力、接受他人帮助的意愿以及子女数量更多或没有子女，均与对志愿服务的援助需求呈正相关。相反，从医疗机构获得的社会照顾与该需求呈负相关。这七个因素解释了总方差的 28.5%。
结论
中国城市居家老年人对志愿服务有明显的援助需求，且一些复杂因素与更大的援助需求相关。这些发现可能会鼓励为数有限的社会志愿者，尤其是具有医学背景的志愿者，确定为大量城市居家老年人提供援助服务的重点，从而改善服务提供。
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