Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China.
Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
Front Immunol. 2022 Oct 4;13:959729. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.959729. eCollection 2022.
T cell exhaustion caused by continuous antigen stimulation in chronic viral infections and the tumor microenvironment is a major barrier to successful elimination of viruses and tumor cells. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors should reverse T cell exhaustion, shortcomings, such as off-target effects and single targets, limit their application. Therefore, it is important to identify molecular targets in effector T cells that simultaneously regulate the expression of multiple immune checkpoints. Over the past few years, non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, have been shown to participate in the immune response against viral infections and tumors. In this review, we focus on the roles and underlying mechanisms of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in the regulation of T cell exhaustion during chronic viral infections and tumorigenesis. We hope that this review will stimulate research to provide more precise and effective immunotherapies against viral infections and tumors.
持续的抗原刺激导致慢性病毒感染和肿瘤微环境中的 T 细胞衰竭，是成功清除病毒和肿瘤细胞的主要障碍。虽然免疫检查点抑制剂应该可以逆转 T 细胞衰竭，但它们的缺点，如脱靶效应和单一靶点，限制了它们的应用。因此，确定效应 T 细胞中同时调节多个免疫检查点表达的分子靶标非常重要。在过去的几年中，非编码 RNA，包括 microRNAs 和长非编码 RNA，已被证明参与了针对病毒感染和肿瘤的免疫反应。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了 microRNAs 和长非编码 RNA 在调节慢性病毒感染和肿瘤发生过程中 T 细胞衰竭的作用和潜在机制。我们希望这篇综述能激发更多的研究，为对抗病毒感染和肿瘤提供更精确、更有效的免疫疗法。
