Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China.
Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China.
Int J Oncol. 2024 May;64(5). doi: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5644. Epub 2024 Apr 12.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding small nucleic acids that contain ~22 nucleotides and are considered to promote the degradation or inhibit the translation of mRNA by targeting its 3'‑untranslated region. However, growing evidence has revealed that nuclear miRNAs, combined with gene promoters or enhancers, are able to directly mediate gene transcription. These miRNAs exert a critical influence on cancer progression by affecting cell growth, migration and invasion. In this review, the direct regulation of gene expression by nuclear miRNAs at the transcriptional level was discussed and summarized, and their mechanisms of action in cancers were highlighted with reference to the various body systems.
微小 RNA（miRNA）是含有约 22 个核苷酸的非编码小核酸，被认为通过靶向其 3'非翻译区来促进 mRNA 的降解或抑制其翻译。然而，越来越多的证据表明，核 miRNA 与基因启动子或增强子结合，能够直接介导基因转录。这些 miRNA 通过影响细胞生长、迁移和侵袭，对癌症的进展产生关键影响。本综述讨论并总结了核 miRNA 在转录水平上对基因表达的直接调控，并参考各个身体系统，强调了它们在癌症中的作用机制。
