Mikhailova E G, Nikol'skaya I A, Avraamova O G, Kopetskiy I S, Virgil'ev P S
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia.
Stomatologiia (Mosk). 2022;101(5):59-63. doi: 10.17116/stomat202210105159.
The aim of the study was to develop and implement a program for the prevention of dental diseases for school-age children based on an individual approach to treatment and preventive measures.
1848 children aged from 6 to 17 were examined. The main observation group consisted of children from school No. 1694 in the South-Western Administrative District of Moscow (935 children), the comparison group with no prevention program consisted of children from school No 1206 (913 children) of the same Moscow district. The effectiveness of the prevention program was assessed in key age groups of children 6, 12 and 15 years old. The prevention program included the study of dental morbidity, assessment of the level of oral hygiene of children, parents and teachers, conducting sanitary and educational work, teaching children hygiene and monitoring its implementation, developing and implementing the individual plan of therapeutic and preventive measures for children of all age groups.
As a result of the prevention program, the number of healthy children without caries increased. The introduction of a prevention program showed its effectiveness, the reduction of caries growth among 12-years-old children who participated in the prevention program over 5 years was 37%, and the number of healthy children increased by 15%.
Carrying out a prevention program at school has shown that coordinated actions of parents, teachers and dentists lead to an improvement in the condition of hard tissues of the permanent teeth of schoolchildren, a decrease in the risk of inflammatory periodontal diseases in adolescence, and an improvement in the quality of individual oral hygiene. Of particular importance is the presence of a dental office and a dental hygienist in the school, for the possibility of carrying out preventive measures for children of all age groups.
本研究的目的是基于针对治疗和预防措施的个性化方法，为学龄儿童制定并实施一项预防牙科疾病的计划。
对1848名6至17岁的儿童进行了检查。主要观察组由莫斯科西南行政区第1694学校的儿童组成（935名儿童），未实施预防计划的对照组由同一莫斯科行政区第1206学校的儿童组成（913名儿童）。在6岁、12岁和15岁的关键年龄组儿童中评估预防计划的有效性。预防计划包括研究牙科发病率、评估儿童、家长和教师的口腔卫生水平、开展卫生教育工作、教授儿童卫生知识并监测其实施情况、为所有年龄组的儿童制定并实施治疗和预防措施的个人计划。
通过预防计划，无龋齿的健康儿童数量增加。预防计划的实施显示出其有效性，参与预防计划的12岁儿童在5年内龋齿增长减少了37%，健康儿童数量增加了15%。
在学校开展预防计划表明，家长、教师和牙医的协同行动可改善学龄儿童恒牙硬组织状况，降低青春期炎症性牙周疾病的风险，并提高个人口腔卫生质量。学校设有牙科诊所和牙科保健员对于为所有年龄组的儿童开展预防措施至关重要。
