Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Human Flourishing Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Prev Med. 2022 Nov;164:107310. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107310. Epub 2022 Oct 22.
We examined the associations between a sense of purpose and all-cause mortality by gender and race/ethnicity groups. Data were from the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative cohort study of U.S. adults aged >50 (n = 13,159). Sense of purpose was self-reported at baseline (2006/2008), and risk of all-cause mortality was assessed over an 8-year follow-up period. We also formally tested for potential effect modification by gender and race/ethnicity. We observed the associations between higher purpose and lower all-cause mortality risk across all gender and race/ethnicity groups. There was modest evidence that the highest level of purpose (versus lowest quartile) was associated with even lower risk of all-cause mortality among women (risk ratio = 0.66, 95% confidence interval: 0.56, 0.77) compared to men (risk ratio = 0.80, 95% confidence interval: 0.69, 0.93; p-value for multiplicative effect modification =0.07). However, we observed no evidence of effect modification by race/ethnicity. Having a higher sense of purpose appears protective against all-cause mortality regardless of gender and race/ethnicity. Purpose, a potentially modifiable factor, might be a health asset across diverse populations.
我们研究了目标感与全因死亡率之间的关联，并按性别和种族/民族群体进行了分析。数据来自健康与退休研究（Health and Retirement Study），这是一项针对美国 50 岁以上成年人的全国代表性队列研究（n=13159）。目标感在基线时（2006/2008 年）进行自我报告，全因死亡率风险在 8 年的随访期间进行评估。我们还正式检验了性别和种族/民族的潜在修饰作用。我们观察到，在所有性别和种族/民族群体中，更高的目标感与更低的全因死亡率风险之间存在关联。有一些证据表明，与最低四分位相比，最高水平的目标感（最高四分位）与女性的全因死亡率风险降低更为显著（风险比=0.66，95%置信区间：0.56，0.77），而男性的风险比为 0.80（95%置信区间：0.69，0.93；性别修饰作用的 p 值=0.07）。然而，我们没有观察到种族/民族的修饰作用。无论性别和种族/民族如何，更高的目标感似乎都能预防全因死亡率。目标感是一个潜在可改变的因素，可能是不同人群的健康资产。
