Wojtczak-Jaroszowa J, Jarosz D
Prog Clin Biol Res. 1987;227B:415-26.
A series of 2,772 accidents has been analyzed in two plants. The following aspects were considered: 1) environmental circumstances, 2) accident causes as given by witnesses or victims, and 3) time of day. Activity of the plants or particular groups of workers was assessed by supervisors on a 10-point scale. A circadian rhythm of accidents has been shown. It was determined to be governed by the interrelationships between the following endogenous and exogenous rhythmic factors: human factors, such as fatigue and circadian fluctuation of biological functions; and multiple hygienic and social components, which either promote human performance or suppress it, e.g., high environmental temperature, overcrowding, and noise. The rate of accidents depends on the particular combinations of these factors, all of which change around the clock. In both plants, the circadian rhythm of accidents was approximately parallel to the circadian rhythm of activity of the plant as a whole rather than to the activity of shift workers only, with a peak around 1100 hr. The lowest number of accidents was noted during night shifts; some increase was observed after midnight, however, in spite of the lowest level of plant activity at that time.
对两家工厂的2772起事故进行了分析。考虑了以下几个方面：1）环境情况；2）目击者或受害者提供的事故原因；3）一天中的时间。工厂或特定工人群体的活动由主管按10分制进行评估。已显示出事故的昼夜节律。确定其受以下内源性和外源性节律因素之间的相互关系支配：人为因素，如疲劳和生物功能的昼夜波动；以及多种卫生和社会因素，这些因素要么促进人的表现，要么抑制人的表现，例如环境温度高、拥挤和噪音。事故发生率取决于这些因素的特定组合，所有这些因素都随时间变化。在两家工厂中，事故的昼夜节律大致与整个工厂的活动昼夜节律平行，而不仅仅与轮班工人的活动平行，高峰出现在1100时左右。夜班期间事故数量最少；然而，尽管此时工厂活动水平最低，但午夜过后仍观察到事故有所增加。
