Shanmuganathan Gaithrri, Orujyan Davit, Narinyan William, Poladian Nicole, Dhama Sanya, Parthasarathy Arpitha, Ha Alexandra, Tran Daniel, Velpuri Prathosh, Nguyen Kevin H, Venketaraman Vishwanath
College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
Keck Science Department, Pitzer College, Claremont, CA 91711, USA.
Clin Pract. 2022 Sep 26;12(5):788-796. doi: 10.3390/clinpract12050082.
Considerable measures have been implemented in healthcare institutions to screen for and treat tuberculosis (TB) in developed countries; however, in low- and middle-income countries, many individuals still suffer from TB's deleterious effects. TB is caused by an infection from the () bacteria. Symptoms of TB may range from an asymptomatic latent-phase affecting the pulmonary tract to a devastating active and disseminated stage that can cause central nervous system demise, musculoskeletal impairments, and genitourinary compromise. Following infection, cytokines such as interferons (IFNs) are released as part of the host immune response. Three main classes of IFNs prevalent during the immune defense include: type I IFN (α and β), type II IFN (IFN-γ), and type III IFN (IFN-λ). The current literature reports that type I IFN plays a role in diminishing the host defense against by attenuating T-cell activation. In opposition, T-cell activation drives type II IFN release, which is the primary cytokine mediating protection from by stimulating macrophages and their oxidative defense mechanisms. Type III IFN has a subsidiary part in improving the Th1 response for host cell protection against . Based on the current evidence available, our group aims to summarize the role that each IFN serves in TB within this literature review.
在发达国家，医疗机构已采取了大量措施来筛查和治疗结核病（TB）；然而，在低收入和中等收入国家，许多人仍深受结核病的有害影响。结核病由（）细菌感染引起。结核病的症状范围广泛，从影响肺部的无症状潜伏期到可能导致中枢神经系统死亡、肌肉骨骼损伤和泌尿生殖系统损害的严重活跃及播散阶段。感染后，作为宿主免疫反应的一部分，细胞因子如干扰素（IFN）会被释放出来。免疫防御过程中普遍存在的三类主要干扰素包括：I型干扰素（α和β）、II型干扰素（IFN-γ）和III型干扰素（IFN-λ）。当前文献报道，I型干扰素通过减弱T细胞活化，在削弱宿主对（）的防御中发挥作用。相反，T细胞活化驱动II型干扰素释放，II型干扰素是通过刺激巨噬细胞及其氧化防御机制来介导抵御（）的主要细胞因子。III型干扰素在改善Th1反应以保护宿主细胞免受（）侵害方面起辅助作用。基于现有证据，我们团队旨在在本综述中总结每种干扰素在结核病中所起的作用。
