Kondakov Anton, Berdalin Alexander, Beregov Mikhail, Lelyuk Vladimir
Ultrasound and Functional Diagnostics Department, Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, 117513 Moscow, Russia.
Radiology and Radiotherapy Department, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
J Imaging. 2022 Sep 27;8(10):261. doi: 10.3390/jimaging8100261.
Atherosclerosis is a chronic widespread cardiovascular disease and a major predisposing factor for cardiovascular events, among which there are myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Atherosclerotic plaque formation is a process that involves different mechanisms, of which inflammation is the most common. Plenty of radiopharmaceuticals were developed to elucidate the process of plaque formation at different stages, some of which were highly specific for atherosclerotic plaque. This review summarizes the current nuclear medicine imaging landscape of preclinical and small-scale clinical studies of these specific RPs, which are not as widespread as labeled FDG, sodium fluoride, and choline. These include oxidation-specific epitope imaging, macrophage, and other cell receptors visualization, neoangiogenesis, and macrophage death imaging. It is shown that specific radiopharmaceuticals have strength in pathophysiologically sound imaging of the atherosclerotic plaques at different stages, but this also may induce problems with the signal registration for low-volume plaques in the vascular wall.
动脉粥样硬化是一种慢性广泛存在的心血管疾病，也是心血管事件的主要诱发因素，其中包括心肌梗死和缺血性中风。动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成是一个涉及不同机制的过程，其中炎症最为常见。人们开发了大量放射性药物来阐明斑块形成不同阶段的过程，其中一些对动脉粥样硬化斑块具有高度特异性。本综述总结了这些特定放射性药物在临床前和小规模临床研究中的当前核医学成像情况，这些药物不像标记的氟代脱氧葡萄糖、氟化钠和胆碱那样广泛应用。这些包括氧化特异性表位成像、巨噬细胞和其他细胞受体可视化、新生血管形成以及巨噬细胞死亡成像。结果表明，特定放射性药物在对不同阶段动脉粥样硬化斑块进行病理生理学合理成像方面具有优势，但这也可能给血管壁中低容量斑块的信号记录带来问题。
