Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye.
Koç University Translational Medicine Research Center (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye.
Biosensors (Basel). 2022 Oct 5;12(10):827. doi: 10.3390/bios12100827.
Human tear film, with a flow rate of 1-3 µL/min, is a rich bodily fluid that transmits a variety of metabolites and hormones containing proteins, lipids and electrolytes that provide clues about ocular and systemic diseases. Analysis of disease biomarkers such as proteins, mRNA, enzymes and cytokines in the tear film, collected by noninvasive methods, can provide significant results for sustaining a predictive, preventive and personalized medicine regarding various diseases such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, keratoconus, dry eye, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and COVID-19. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) offers a powerful technique for analyzing these biomarkers. EIS detects electrical equivalent circuit parameters related to biorecognition of receptor-analyte interactions on the electrode surface. This method is advantageous as it performs a label-free detection and allows the detection of non-electroactive compounds that cannot be detected by direct electron transfer, such as hormones and some proteins. Here, we review the opportunities regarding the integration of EIS into tear fluid sampling approaches.
人眼的泪膜，其流速为 1-3µL/min，是一种富含代谢物和激素的体液，其中含有蛋白质、脂质和电解质，为眼部和全身性疾病提供了线索。通过非侵入性方法收集的泪液中疾病生物标志物（如蛋白质、mRNA、酶和细胞因子）的分析，可以为各种疾病（如青光眼、糖尿病性视网膜病变、圆锥角膜、干眼症、癌症、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和 COVID-19）提供有意义的预测、预防和个体化治疗结果。电化学阻抗谱（EIS）为分析这些生物标志物提供了一种强大的技术。EIS 检测与电极表面上受体-分析物相互作用的生物识别相关的电等效电路参数。该方法具有优势，因为它可以进行无标记检测，并允许检测无法通过直接电子转移检测到的非电活性化合物，如激素和一些蛋白质。在这里，我们回顾了将 EIS 整合到泪液采样方法中的机会。
