Mamidi Raja Sriswan, Banjara Santosh Kumar, Manchala Sridevi, Babu Ch Khadar, Geddam J J Babu, Boiroju Naveen Kumar, Varanasi Bhaskar, Neeraja G, Reddy G Venkat Raji, Ramalakshmi B A, Hemalatha R, Meur Gargi
Clinical Epidemiology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
Clinical Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
Children (Basel). 2022 Sep 23;9(10):1460. doi: 10.3390/children9101460.
Maternal nutritional status and care during pregnancy are essential for adequate birth weight. In this prospective cohort study (N = 1061) in an urban slum, we investigated the association of maternal anthropometry, body composition, gestational weight gain and dietary intakes with low birthweight (LBW, <2.5 kg). About one-third of the women were short (<150 cm), 35% were underweight (<45 kg), 23% suffered from chronic energy deficiency (CED, BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) and another 30% were overweight/obese. The mean age and BMI were 23 years and 21.7 kg/m2, respectively, and haemoglobin was 10.73 g/dL. The mean birthweight (N = 605) was 2.81 ± 0.5 kg, and the average gestational age was 38 ± 2 weeks. About 15% of infants had LBW, and 48% were small for gestational age (SGA). Maternal body composition was assessed by skinfold thickness (SFT) in all trimesters. In the first trimester (N = 762), we found that mean fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM) and body fat percentage (% BF) were 38.86 kg, 11.43 kg and 21.55%, respectively. Low birthweight was significantly associated with preterm deliveries (p < 0.001) and less fat free mass (p = 0.02) in the third trimester. Among other factors were age (p = 0.017), maternal anthropometry (height: p = 0.031; weight: p = 0.059) and fewer antenatal check-ups (p = 0.037). Small size (SGA) was consistently associated with maternal bodyweight at all trimesters (term I, p = 0.013, term II, p = 0.003 and term III, p < 0.001), fat mass in the third trimester (p < 0.001) and maternal height (p = 0.003).
孕期的母亲营养状况及护理对于获得足够的出生体重至关重要。在这项针对城市贫民窟的前瞻性队列研究（N = 1061）中，我们调查了母亲的人体测量学指标、身体成分、孕期体重增加及饮食摄入量与低出生体重（LBW，<2.5千克）之间的关联。约三分之一的女性身高不足（<150厘米），35%体重过轻（<45千克），23%患有慢性能量缺乏（CED，BMI<18.5千克/平方米），另有30%超重/肥胖。平均年龄和BMI分别为23岁和21.7千克/平方米，血红蛋白为10.73克/分升。平均出生体重（N = 605）为2.81±0.5千克，平均孕周为38±2周。约15%的婴儿为低出生体重，48%的婴儿小于胎龄（SGA）。在所有孕期均通过皮褶厚度（SFT）评估母亲的身体成分。在孕早期（N = 762），我们发现平均去脂体重（FFM）、脂肪量（FM）和体脂百分比（%BF）分别为38.86千克、11.43千克和21.55%。低出生体重与早产（p<0.001）以及孕晚期较少的去脂体重（p = 0.02）显著相关。其他因素包括年龄（p = 0.017）、母亲人体测量学指标（身高：p = 0.031；体重：p = 0.059）以及较少的产前检查次数（p = 0.037）。小于胎龄（SGA）在所有孕期均与母亲体重持续相关（孕早期，p = 0.013；孕中期，p = 0.003；孕晚期，p<0.001）、孕晚期的脂肪量（p<0.001）以及母亲身高（p = 0.003）。
