Zorkina Yana, Syunyakov Timur, Abramova Olga, Andryushchenko Alisa, Andreuyk Denis, Abbazova Evgeniya, Goncharov Dmitry, Rakova Alisa, Andriushchenko Nika, Gryadunov Dmitry, Ikonnikova Anna, Fedoseeva Elena, Emelyanova Marina, Soloveva Kristina, Pavlov Konstantin, Karpenko Olga, Savilov Victor, Kurmishev Marat, Gurina Olga, Chekhonin Vladimir, Kostyuk Georgy, Morozova Anna
Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia.
Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Kropotkinsky per. 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2022 Sep 25;12(10):2312. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics12102312.
(1) Background: Older people suffer from cognitive decline; several risk factors contribute to greater cognitive decline. We used acquired (COVID-19 infection) and non-modifiable (presence of rs429358 and rs7412 polymorphisms) factors to study the progression of subjective cognitive impairment while observing patients for one year. Cognitive training was used as a protective factor. (2) Methods: Two groups of subjects over the age of 65 participated in the study: group with subjective cognitive decline receiving cognitive training and individuals who did not complain of cognitive decline without receiving cognitive training (comparison group). On the first visit, the concentration of antibodies to COVID-19 and genotype was measured. At the first and last point (1 year later) the Mini-Mental State Examination scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were performed. (3) Results: COVID-19 infection did not affect cognitive function. A significant role of cognitive training in improving cognitive functions was revealed. Older adults with genotype showed no positive effect of cognitive training. (4) Conclusions: Future research should focus on cognitive dysfunction after COVID-19 in long-term follow-up. Attention to the factors discussed in our article, but not limited to them, are useful for a personalized approach to maintaining the cognitive health of older adults.
(1) 背景：老年人会出现认知衰退；多种风险因素会导致更严重的认知衰退。我们利用后天获得的（新冠病毒感染）和不可改变的（rs429358和rs7412基因多态性的存在）因素，在对患者进行为期一年的观察期间研究主观认知障碍的进展情况。认知训练被用作一个保护因素。(2) 方法：两组65岁以上的受试者参与了该研究：一组是有主观认知衰退且接受认知训练的受试者，另一组是未抱怨有认知衰退且未接受认知训练的个体（对照组）。在首次就诊时，测量新冠病毒抗体浓度和基因型。在第一个时间点和最后一个时间点（一年后）进行简易精神状态检查表和医院焦虑抑郁量表检查。(3) 结果：新冠病毒感染并未影响认知功能。研究揭示了认知训练在改善认知功能方面的显著作用。具有特定基因型的老年人未显示出认知训练的积极效果。(4) 结论：未来的研究应聚焦于新冠病毒感染后长期随访中的认知功能障碍。关注我们文章中讨论的因素，但不限于这些因素，对于采取个性化方法维持老年人的认知健康是有用的。
