Alhammad Rashed
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 13110, Kuwait.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2022 Sep 27;12(10):2327. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics12102327.
The identification of novel prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer is an unmet clinical need. Cullin-associated and neddylation-dissociated 1 (CAND1) has been implicated in mediating carcinogenesis in prostate and lung cancers. In addition, CAND1 is an established prognostic biomarker for worse prognosis in liver cancer. However, the prognostic significance of in breast cancer has not yet been explored. In this study, Breast Cancer Gene-Expression Miner (Bc-GenExMiner) and TIMER2.0 were utilized to explore the mRNA expression of in ERα-positive breast cancer patients. The Kaplan-Meier plotter was used to explore the relationship between expression and several prognostic indicators. The Gene Set Cancer Analysis (GSCA) web server was then used to explore the pathways of the genes that correlate with in ERα-positive breast cancer. Immune infiltration was investigated using Bc-GenExMiner. Our bioinformatics analysis illustrates that breast cancer patients have higher compared to normal breast tissue and that ERα-positive breast cancer patients with a high expression of have poor overall survival (OS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and relapse-free survival (RFS) outcomes. Higher expression was observed in histologic grade 3 compared to grades 2 and 1. Our results revealed that positively correlates with lymph nodes and negatively correlates with the infiltration of immune cells, which is in agreement with published reports. Our findings suggest that might mediate invasion and metastasis in ERα-positive breast cancer, possibly through the activation of estrogen and androgen signaling pathways; however, experiments should be carried out to further explore the role of in activating the androgen and estrogen signaling pathways. In conclusion, the results suggest that could be used as a potential novel biomarker for worse prognosis in ERα-positive breast cancer.
确定乳腺癌新的预后生物标志物是一项尚未满足的临床需求。与Cullin相关且去泛素化解离的1(CAND1)已被证实参与前列腺癌和肺癌的致癌过程。此外,CAND1是肝癌预后较差的既定预后生物标志物。然而,其在乳腺癌中的预后意义尚未得到探索。在本研究中,利用乳腺癌基因表达挖掘器(Bc-GenExMiner)和TIMER2.0来探究CAND1在雌激素受体α(ERα)阳性乳腺癌患者中的mRNA表达。使用Kaplan-Meier绘图仪来探究CAND1表达与多个预后指标之间的关系。然后使用基因集癌症分析(GSCA)网络服务器来探究与ERα阳性乳腺癌中CAND1相关基因的通路。使用Bc-GenExMiner研究免疫浸润情况。我们的生物信息学分析表明,与正常乳腺组织相比,乳腺癌患者的CAND1水平更高,且CAND1高表达的ERα阳性乳腺癌患者的总生存期(OS)、无远处转移生存期(DMFS)和无复发生存期(RFS)较差。与组织学1级和2级相比,在3级中观察到更高的CAND1表达。我们的结果显示,CAND1与淋巴结呈正相关,与免疫细胞浸润呈负相关,这与已发表的报告一致。我们的研究结果表明,CAND1可能通过激活雌激素和雄激素信号通路介导ERα阳性乳腺癌的侵袭和转移;然而,应开展实验进一步探究CAND1在激活雄激素和雌激素信号通路中的作用。总之,结果表明CAND1可作为ERα阳性乳腺癌预后较差的潜在新型生物标志物。