Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy.
Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Oct 11;19(20):13040. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192013040.
The best nutritional strategy to fight the rise in obesity remains a debated issue. The Mediterranean diet (MD) and the Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic diet (VLCKD) are effective at helping people lose body weight (BW) and fat mass (FM) while preserving fat-free mass (FFM). This study aimed to evaluate the time these two diets took to reach a loss of 5% of the initial BW and how body composition was affected. We randomized 268 subjects with obesity or overweight in two arms, MD and VLCKD, for a maximum of 3 months or until they reached 5% BW loss. This result was achieved after one month of VLCKD and 3 months of MD. Both diets were effective in terms of BW ( < 0.0001) and FM loss ( < 0.0001), but the MD reached a higher reduction in both waist circumference ( = 0.0010) and FM ( = 0.0006) and a greater increase in total body water ( = 0.0017) and FFM ( = 0.0373) than VLCKD. The population was also stratified according to gender, age, and BMI. These two nutritional protocols are both effective in improving anthropometrical parameters and body composition, but they take different time spans to reach the goal. Therefore, professionals should evaluate which is the most suitable according to each patient's health status.
对抗肥胖率上升的最佳营养策略仍然存在争议。地中海饮食（MD）和极低卡路里生酮饮食（VLCKD）在帮助人们减轻体重（BW）和脂肪量（FM）的同时，还能保持去脂体重（FFM）。本研究旨在评估这两种饮食达到初始 BW 减轻 5%所需的时间，以及身体成分如何受到影响。我们将 268 名肥胖或超重的受试者随机分为 MD 和 VLCKD 两组，最多持续 3 个月或直到他们达到 BW 减轻 5%。这一结果在 VLCKD 治疗 1 个月和 MD 治疗 3 个月后达到。两种饮食在 BW（<0.0001）和 FM 损失（<0.0001）方面均有效，但 MD 达到了更高的腰围（=0.0010）和 FM（=0.0006）降低，以及更高的全身水分（=0.0017）和 FFM（=0.0373）增加。该人群还根据性别、年龄和 BMI 进行了分层。这两种营养方案都能有效改善人体测量参数和身体成分，但达到目标所需的时间不同。因此，专业人员应根据每位患者的健康状况评估哪种方案最合适。
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