Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Työterveyslaitos, P.O. Box 40, FI-00032 Helsinki, Finland.
Aisti Health Ltd., FI-00120 Helsinki, Finland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Oct 13;19(20):13206. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192013206.
The effects of lifestyle interventions on the prevention of a decline in work ability and mental health are not well known. The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to examine the effects of healthy lifestyle changes on work ability, sleep, and mental health.
Workers aged 18-65 years, who were free from cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and malignant diseases, and did not use medication for obesity or lipids were included (N = 319). Based on their cholesterol balance, participants were classified into medium-risk and high-risk groups and were randomized into four arms: group lifestyle coaching (N = 107), individual lifestyle coaching (N = 53), the control group for group coaching (N = 106), and the control group for individual coaching (N = 53). The intervention groups received eight sessions of mostly remote coaching for 8 weeks about healthy diet, physical activity, other lifestyle habits, and sources/management of stress and sleep problems, and the control groups received no intervention. In individual coaching, the coach focused more on individual problem solving and the possibilities for motivation and change. The intention-to-treat principle was applied, and missing data on the outcomes were imputed using multiple imputation.
After the completion of the intervention, the risk of depressive symptoms was lower by 53% (95% CI 1-77%) in participants who received individual lifestyle coaching compared with the control group. The intervention had no beneficial effects on anxiety, work ability, sleep duration, or daily stress. In subgroup analyses, group lifestyle coaching had beneficial effects on depressive symptoms and work ability in participants with less tight schedules or less stretching work, whereas individual lifestyle coaching lowered the risk of depressive symptoms in those with fewer overlapping jobs, less tight schedules, or less stretching work.
Short but intensive remote lifestyle coaching can reduce depressive symptoms and improve work ability, and time-related resources at work may improve mental health in the context of individual lifestyle intervention. However, further randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the findings.
生活方式干预对预防工作能力下降和心理健康问题的影响尚不清楚。本随机对照试验的目的是研究健康生活方式改变对工作能力、睡眠和心理健康的影响。
纳入年龄在 18-65 岁之间、无心血管疾病、糖尿病和恶性肿瘤且不使用肥胖或血脂药物的参与者（N=319）。根据胆固醇平衡情况，参与者被分为中危组和高危组，并随机分为四组：生活方式辅导组（N=107）、个体生活方式辅导组（N=53）、团体辅导对照组（N=106）和个体辅导对照组（N=53）。干预组接受 8 次远程健康饮食、体育活动、其他生活方式习惯以及压力和睡眠问题的来源/管理的辅导，为期 8 周，而对照组不接受任何干预。在个体辅导中，辅导更侧重于个体问题解决和激励与改变的可能性。采用意向治疗原则，对缺失的结局数据采用多重插补法进行填补。
干预完成后，与对照组相比，接受个体生活方式辅导的参与者患抑郁症状的风险降低了 53%（95%CI 1-77%）。干预对焦虑、工作能力、睡眠时间或日常压力均无有益影响。在亚组分析中，对于工作时间安排不紧张或工作压力不大的参与者，团体生活方式辅导对抑郁症状和工作能力有有益影响，而对于重叠工作较少、工作时间安排不紧张或工作压力不大的参与者，个体生活方式辅导降低了抑郁症状的风险。
简短但密集的远程生活方式辅导可以减轻抑郁症状，提高工作能力，工作中的时间资源可能会改善个体生活方式干预背景下的心理健康。然而，还需要进一步的随机对照试验来证实这些发现。
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