El Sayed Marwa M, Abulnour Abdelghani M G, Tewfik Shadia R, Sorour Mohamed H, Hani Heba A, Shaalan Hayam F
Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, National Research Centre, Egypt El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Cairo P.O. Box 12622, Egypt.
Membranes (Basel). 2022 Sep 23;12(10):923. doi: 10.3390/membranes12100923.
Agricultural drainage water (ADW) represents a potential source for fresh water after receiving appropriate treatments to satisfy the water quality requirements. Desalination of ADW with medium salinity and moderate contamination with organic and inorganic chemical pollutants could provide a techno-economically feasible approach for facing water scarcity in arid areas. The current work presents a conceptual zero liquid discharge ADW desalination system proposed to treat 300,000 m/d. The system is based on pretreatment to remove impurities harmful to desalination by staged reverse osmosis (RO) membrane. The brine from the last RO stage is treated via thermal vapor compression followed by evaporation in solar ponds to recover more fresh water and salts of economic value. The essential technical features of the proposed system components are formulated. The proposed system components and its technical and economic indicators are deduced using available software for water pretreatment, RO membrane, desalination, thermal desalination, and solar evaporation ponds. The system provides total distilled water recovery of about 98% viz. 294,000 m/d in addition to recovered salts of 245,000 t/y. The net cost of water production amounts to USD 0.46 /m. The environmental considerations of the system are addressed and advantages of applying zero liquid discharge system are elucidated.
农业排水（ADW）在经过适当处理以满足水质要求后可成为淡水的潜在来源。对中等盐度且有机和无机化学污染物污染程度适中的农业排水进行脱盐处理，可为应对干旱地区的水资源短缺问题提供一种技术经济上可行的方法。当前的工作提出了一种概念性的零液体排放农业排水脱盐系统，该系统旨在处理30万立方米/天的水量。该系统基于预处理，通过分级反渗透（RO）膜去除对脱盐有害的杂质。最后一级反渗透产生的浓盐水先通过热蒸汽压缩处理，然后在太阳能池中蒸发，以回收更多淡水和具有经济价值的盐分。阐述了所提议系统组件的基本技术特征。利用现有的用于水预处理、RO膜、脱盐、热脱盐和太阳能蒸发池的软件，推导了所提议系统组件及其技术和经济指标。该系统的蒸馏水总回收率约为98%，即29.4万立方米/天，此外每年还可回收24.5万吨盐分。水生产的净成本为0.46美元/立方米。讨论了该系统的环境因素，并阐明了应用零液体排放系统的优势。
