Berdeja Mariam P, Reynolds Nicole K, Pawlowska Teresa, Heuvel Justine E Vanden
Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
Environ Microbiome. 2025 Jan 31;20(1):15. doi: 10.1186/s40793-025-00676-8.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are beneficial root symbionts contributing to improved plant growth and development and resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Commercial bioinoculants containing AMF are widely considered as an alternative to agrochemicals in vineyards. However, their effects on grapevine plants grown in soil containing native communities of AMF are still poorly understood. In a greenhouse experiment, we evaluated the influence of five different bioinoculants on the composition of native AMF communities of young Cabernet Sauvignon vines grown in a non-sterile soil. Root colonization, leaf nitrogen concentration, plant biomass and root morphology were assessed, and AMF communities of inoculated and non-inoculated grapevine roots were profiled using high-throughput sequencing.
Contrary to our predictions, no differences in the microbiome of plants exposed to native AMF communities versus commercial AMF bioinoculants + native AMF communities were detected in roots. However, inoculation induced positive changes in root traits as well as increased AMF colonization, plant biomass, and leaf nitrogen. Most of these desirable functional traits were positively correlated with the relative abundance of operational taxonomic units identified as Glomus, Rhizophagus and Claroideoglomus genera.
These results suggest synergistic interactions between commercial AMF bioinoculants and native AMF communities of roots to promote grapevine growth. Long-term studies with further genomics, metabolomics and physiological research are needed to provide a deeper understanding of the symbiotic interaction among grapevine roots, bioinoculants and natural AMF communities and their role to promote plant adaptation to current environmental concerns.
丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）是有益的根系共生体，有助于促进植物生长发育，并提高植物对非生物和生物胁迫的抗性。含有AMF的商业生物菌剂被广泛认为是葡萄园农用化学品的替代品。然而，它们对生长在含有AMF原生群落土壤中的葡萄植株的影响仍知之甚少。在一项温室试验中，我们评估了五种不同生物菌剂对种植于非无菌土壤中的年轻赤霞珠葡萄原生AMF群落组成的影响。评估了根系定殖、叶片氮浓度、植物生物量和根系形态，并使用高通量测序对接种和未接种葡萄根系的AMF群落进行了分析。
与我们的预测相反，在根系中未检测到暴露于原生AMF群落的植物与商业AMF生物菌剂+原生AMF群落的植物微生物组存在差异。然而，接种诱导了根系性状的积极变化，以及AMF定殖、植物生物量和叶片氮含量的增加。这些最理想的功能性状大多与被鉴定为球囊霉属、根内球囊霉属和类球囊霉属的操作分类单元的相对丰度呈正相关。
这些结果表明商业AMF生物菌剂与根系原生AMF群落之间存在协同相互作用，以促进葡萄生长。需要进行进一步的基因组学、代谢组学和生理学研究的长期研究，以更深入地了解葡萄根系、生物菌剂和天然AMF群落之间的共生相互作用，以及它们在促进植物适应当前环境问题方面的作用。
