Agboli Eric, Tomazatos Alexandru, Maiga-Ascofaré Oumou, May Jürgen, Lühken Renke, Schmidt-Chanasit Jonas, Jöst Hanna
Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho PMB 31, Ghana.
Microorganisms. 2022 Sep 27;10(10):1914. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10101914.
It is evident that all the countries surrounding Ghana have experienced epidemics of key arboviruses of medical importance, such as the recent dengue fever epidemic in Burkina Faso. Therefore, Ghana is considered a ripe zone for epidemics of arboviruses, mainly dengue. Surprisingly, Ghana never experienced the propounded deadly dengue epidemic. Indeed, it is mysterious because the mosquito vectors capable of transmitting the dengue virus, such as , were identified in Ghana through entomological investigations. Additionally, cases may be missed, as the diagnostic and surveillance capacities of the country are weak. Therefore, we review the arbovirus situation and outline probable reasons for the epidemic mystery in the country. Most of the recorded cases of arbovirus infections were usually investigated via serology by detecting IgM and IgG immunoglobulins in clinical samples, which is indicative of prior exposure but not an active case. This led to the identification of yellow fever virus and dengue virus as the main circulating arboviruses among the Ghanaian population. However, major yellow fever epidemics were reported for over a decade. It is important to note that the reviewed arboviruses were not frequently detected in the vectors. The data highlight the necessity of strengthening the diagnostics and the need for continuous arbovirus and vector surveillance to provide an early warning system for future arbovirus epidemics.
很明显，加纳周边所有国家都经历过具有重要医学意义的主要虫媒病毒疫情，比如布基纳法索最近爆发的登革热疫情。因此，加纳被认为是虫媒病毒，主要是登革热疫情的高发区。令人惊讶的是，加纳从未经历过所说的致命登革热疫情。确实，这很神秘，因为通过昆虫学调查在加纳已发现了能够传播登革热病毒的蚊媒，比如 。此外，由于该国的诊断和监测能力薄弱，病例可能会被漏报。因此，我们回顾了虫媒病毒的情况，并概述了该国疫情之谜的可能原因。大多数记录在案的虫媒病毒感染病例通常是通过血清学方法，检测临床样本中的IgM和IgG免疫球蛋白来进行调查的，这表明曾有过接触，但并非现症病例。这使得黄热病病毒和登革热病毒被确定为加纳人群中主要传播的虫媒病毒。然而，十多年来都有重大黄热病疫情的报告。需要注意的是，在病媒中并未频繁检测到上述经审查的虫媒病毒。数据凸显了加强诊断的必要性以及持续进行虫媒病毒和病媒监测以建立未来虫媒病毒疫情早期预警系统的必要性。
