College of Food Science and Technology, Whole Grain Food Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
Molecules. 2022 Oct 13;27(20):6868. doi: 10.3390/molecules27206868.
Deficiency of folates can cause various health problems, and germination is a potential way to enrich folates in grain-based food materials. In the present study, the effects of six amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid, and -aminobenzoic acid) on folate accumulation during wheat germination under red light radiation were investigated, and an optimized combination of amino acids for promoting folate enrichment was established. The results showed that applying phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, glutamate, or -aminobenzoic acid to wheat seedlings during germination can significantly increase the content of total folates through activating the synthesis of the precursors for folate synthesis (pterin and -aminobenzoic acid) or condensation of these two moieties. Meanwhile, up-regulation of corresponding genes was observed by measuring their expressions to investigate the mechanism for promoting the accumulation of folates. The highest content of folates (ca. 417 µg/100 g DW) was observed when the germinated wheat was cultured with a mixture of 1.5 mM phenylalanine, 0.5 mM tyrosine, 0.5 mM tryptophan, 0.75 mM -aminobenzoic acid, and 0.5 mM glutamic acid, which was 50% higher than the control seedlings. This study established a promising and practical approach to enhance the accumulation of folates in wheat seedlings.
叶酸缺乏会导致各种健康问题，而发芽是一种在谷物类食物中富集叶酸的潜在方法。本研究探讨了 6 种氨基酸（苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸、谷氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸和 -氨基苯甲酸）在红光辐射下小麦发芽过程中对叶酸积累的影响，并建立了促进叶酸富集的最佳氨基酸组合。结果表明，在小麦种子发芽过程中添加苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸、谷氨酸或 -氨基苯甲酸，可以通过激活叶酸合成前体（蝶呤和 -氨基苯甲酸）的合成或这两个部分的缩合，显著增加总叶酸的含量。同时，通过测量其表达来研究促进叶酸积累的机制，观察到相应基因的上调。当用 1.5 mM 苯丙氨酸、0.5 mM 酪氨酸、0.5 mM 色氨酸、0.75 mM -氨基苯甲酸和 0.5 mM 谷氨酸的混合物培养发芽小麦时，叶酸含量最高（约 417 µg/100 g DW），比对照幼苗高 50%。本研究建立了一种有前途和实用的方法，可增强小麦幼苗中叶酸的积累。
