Kumar Niraj, Kim Su-Bin, Lee Seul-Yi, Park Soo-Jin
Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022 Oct 21;12(20):3708. doi: 10.3390/nano12203708.
In recent years, the development of energy storage devices has received much attention due to the increasing demand for renewable energy. Supercapacitors (SCs) have attracted considerable attention among various energy storage devices due to their high specific capacity, high power density, long cycle life, economic efficiency, environmental friendliness, high safety, and fast charge/discharge rates. SCs are devices that can store large amounts of electrical energy and release it quickly, making them ideal for use in a wide range of applications. They are often used in conjunction with batteries to provide a power boost when needed and can also be used as a standalone power source. They can be used in various potential applications, such as portable equipment, smart electronic systems, electric vehicles, and grid energy storage systems. There are a variety of materials that have been studied for use as SC electrodes, each with its advantages and limitations. The electrode material must have a high surface area to volume ratio to enable high energy storage densities. Additionally, the electrode material must be highly conductive to enable efficient charge transfer. Over the past several years, several novel materials have been developed which can be used to improve the capacitance of the SCs. This article reviews three types of SCs: electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), pseudocapacitors, and hybrid supercapacitors, their respective development, energy storage mechanisms, and the latest research progress in material preparation and modification. In addition, it proposes potentially feasible solutions to the problems encountered during the development of supercapacitors and looks forward to the future development direction of SCs.
近年来，由于对可再生能源的需求不断增加，储能设备的发展备受关注。超级电容器（SCs）因其高比容量、高功率密度、长循环寿命、经济高效、环境友好、高安全性和快速充放电速率，在各种储能设备中受到了相当大的关注。超级电容器是能够存储大量电能并快速释放的设备，使其非常适合广泛的应用。它们通常与电池结合使用，在需要时提供功率提升，也可以用作独立电源。它们可用于各种潜在应用，如便携式设备、智能电子系统、电动汽车和电网储能系统。有多种材料被研究用作超级电容器电极，每种材料都有其优缺点。电极材料必须具有高的表面积与体积比，以实现高储能密度。此外，电极材料必须具有高导电性，以实现高效的电荷转移。在过去几年中，已经开发出几种新型材料，可用于提高超级电容器的电容。本文综述了三种类型的超级电容器：电化学双层电容器（EDLCs）、赝电容器和混合超级电容器，它们各自的发展、储能机制以及材料制备和改性方面的最新研究进展。此外，针对超级电容器开发过程中遇到的问题提出了潜在可行的解决方案，并展望了超级电容器的未来发展方向。
