Department of Immunology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
Nutrients. 2022 Oct 11;14(20):4234. doi: 10.3390/nu14204234.
(1) Phytic acid (PA) is a component of cereal seeds and legumes, therefore its consumption is much higher in a vegan and vegetarian diet compared to a conventional diet. The diet is the main driver of metabolic activity of gut microbiota, therefore, the ability to degrade phytates by the microbiota of vegans significantly exceeds that of the gut microbiota of omnivores. The aim of the study was to investigate the early phase of the immune response of colonocytes treated with an enzymatic hydrolysate of phytic acid (hPA120) and gut bacteria. (2) Cell lines derived from healthy (NCM460D) and cancer (HCT116) colonic tissue and fecal bacteria from vegan (V) and omnivorous (O) donors were investigated. Fecal bacteria were grown in mucin and phytic acid supplemented medium. Cultured bacteria (BM) were loaded onto colonocytes alone (V BM and O BM) or in combination with the phytate hydrolysate (V BM + hPA120 and O BM + hPA120). After a treatment of 2 h, bacterial adhesion, secretion of cytokines, and the expression of genes and proteins important for immune response were determined. (3) All bacteria-treated colonocytes increased the expression of IL8 compared to controls. The significant increase of the secreted IL-8 (p < 0.01) in both cell lines was observed for O BM and O BM + hPA120. The increase of TNF, IL-1β, and IL-10 secretion in healthy colonocytes (V BM alone and with hPA120 treatments; p < 0.05) and for TNF and IL-10 in cancer cells (treatments except O BM + hPA120 and V BM, respectively; p > 0.05) were stated. A comparison of solely the effect of hPA120 on bacteria-treated colonocytes (BM vs. BM + hPA120) showed that hPA120 decreased expression of NFkB1 and TNFR (p < 0.001) in healthy colonocytes. In cancer colonocytes, the expression of TLR4 and IL1R increased after BM + hPA120 treatment, whereas the secretion of IL-8 and MYD88 and TNFR expression decreased (p < 0.01). (4) The investigated hPA120 showed a differentiated modulatory activity on the immune response of healthy and cancer human colonocytes. Especially when analyzed independently on the gut bacteria origin, it reduced the proinflammatory response of HCT116 cells to gut bacteria, while being neutral for the bacteria-treated healthy colonocytes.
（1）植酸（PA）是谷物种子和豆类的成分，因此与传统饮食相比，素食者和纯素食者的饮食中植酸的摄入量要高得多。饮食是肠道微生物群代谢活性的主要驱动因素，因此，素食者肠道微生物群降解植酸盐的能力明显超过杂食者的肠道微生物群。本研究的目的是研究用植酸酶解产物（hPA120）和肠道细菌处理的结肠细胞的早期免疫反应阶段。（2）从健康（NCM460D）和癌症（HCT116）结肠组织衍生的细胞系以及素食者（V）和杂食者（O）供体的粪便细菌进行了研究。粪便细菌在粘蛋白和植酸补充培养基中生长。培养的细菌（BM）单独加载到结肠细胞上（V BM 和 O BM）或与植酸水解物组合加载（V BM + hPA120 和 O BM + hPA120）。处理 2 小时后，测定细菌黏附、细胞因子分泌以及与免疫反应相关的基因和蛋白的表达。（3）与对照相比，所有经细菌处理的结肠细胞均增加了 IL8 的表达。在两种细胞系中，O BM 和 O BM + hPA120 均观察到 IL-8 分泌显著增加（p <0.01）。在健康结肠细胞中观察到 TNF、IL-1β和 IL-10 分泌增加（V BM 单独和 hPA120 处理；p <0.05），在癌细胞中观察到 TNF 和 IL-10 分泌增加（除 O BM + hPA120 和 V BM 处理外；p >0.05）。仅比较 hPA120 对细菌处理的结肠细胞的单独作用（BM 与 BM + hPA120）表明，hPA120 降低了健康结肠细胞中 NFkB1 和 TNFR 的表达（p <0.001）。在癌症结肠细胞中，BM + hPA120 处理后 TLR4 和 IL1R 的表达增加，而 IL-8 和 MYD88 的分泌以及 TNFR 的表达减少（p <0.01）。（4）研究中使用的 hPA120 对健康和癌症人类结肠细胞的免疫反应表现出不同的调节活性。特别是当独立于肠道细菌来源进行分析时，它降低了 HCT116 细胞对肠道细菌的促炎反应，而对肠道细菌处理的健康结肠细胞则呈中性。
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