Ahmad Hamna, Gohar Umar Farooq, Mukhtar Hamid, Zia-Ui-Haq Muhammad, Marc Romina Alina, Irimie Marius, Marceanu Luigi Geo, Gavris Claudia Mihaela
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
Office of Research, Innovation and Commercialization, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
Pharmaceutics. 2022 Oct 18;14(10):2219. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102219.
seeds and leaves are believed to reverse antibiotic resistance and increase the efficacy of current drugs. seeds and leaves contain many secondary metabolites needed for the redressal of antibiotic resistance. In the present study, seven different antibiotics were used against five different strains of bacteria such as Methicillin-resistant and For Methicillin-resistant Cefoxitin, Penicillin, and Co-trimoxazole were resistant out of seven antibiotics. The zone of inhibition for all these three antibiotics goes from the resistant to the sensitive range after the combination with plant extracts. For , Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Penicillin, Amoxicillin, Imipenem, and Vancomycin were resistant after treatment with the plant extracts, and the Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Imipenem, and Vancomycin zones of inhibition were from the resistant to the sensitive range. An increase in zone sizes was observed for Penicillin, but it remained resistant while no zone of inhibition was observed for Amoxicillin. For , Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, and Imipenem were resistant. After a combination of these antibiotics with plant extracts, a change in zone sizes was observed for Levofloxacin and Ceftriaxone, but it was not considerable as it remained in the resistance and intermediate ranges. No zones of inhibition were observed for Ciprofloxacin, Ceftazidime, or Imipenem. For all the antibiotics were resistant. An increase in zone sizes was observed after a combination with plant extracts for Ceftazidime and Imipenem in but it remained in the resistance category. No zone of inhibition was observed for before or after using plant extracts against any antibiotic. This study suggests that the seed and leaf extracts can reverse antibiotic resistance without any side effects on the human body, and that they can reverse antibiotic resistance naturally.
种子和叶子被认为可以逆转抗生素耐药性并提高现有药物的疗效。种子和叶子含有许多纠正抗生素耐药性所需的次生代谢产物。在本研究中，使用了七种不同的抗生素来对抗五种不同的细菌菌株，如耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌。在七种抗生素中，耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌对头孢西丁、青霉素和复方新诺明耐药。与植物提取物联合使用后，这三种抗生素的抑菌圈从耐药范围变为敏感范围。对于大肠杆菌，用植物提取物处理后，环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、青霉素、阿莫西林、亚胺培南和万古霉素耐药，环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、亚胺培南和万古霉素的抑菌圈从耐药范围变为敏感范围。青霉素的抑菌圈大小增加，但仍耐药，而阿莫西林未观察到抑菌圈。对于肺炎克雷伯菌，环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、头孢曲松、头孢他啶和亚胺培南耐药。这些抗生素与植物提取物联合使用后，左氧氟沙星和头孢曲松的抑菌圈大小发生了变化，但变化不大，仍处于耐药和中介范围内。环丙沙星、头孢他啶或亚胺培南未观察到抑菌圈。对于鲍曼不动杆菌，所有抗生素均耐药。在与植物提取物联合使用后，鲍曼不动杆菌中头孢他啶和亚胺培南的抑菌圈大小增加，但仍处于耐药类别。在使用植物提取物对抗任何抗生素之前或之后，鲍曼不动杆菌均未观察到抑菌圈。本研究表明，该植物的种子和叶子提取物可以逆转抗生素耐药性，且对人体无任何副作用，它们可以自然地逆转抗生素耐药性。
