Liu Chenxin, Ma Kuai, Zhang Yunchao, He Xing, Song Linjiang, Chi Mingxuan, Han Zhongyu, Li Guanhua, Zhang Qinxiu, Liu Chi
Reproductive and Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
Front Physiol. 2022 Oct 10;13:932693. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.932693. eCollection 2022.
The most extensively and well-investigated sequences in the human genome are protein-coding genes, while large numbers of non-coding sequences exist in the human body and are even more diverse with more potential roles than coding sequences. With the unveiling of non-coding RNA research, long-stranded non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of transcripts >200 nucleotides in length primarily expressed in the nucleus and rarely in the cytoplasm, have drawn our attention. LncRNAs are involved in various levels of gene regulatory processes, including but not limited to promoter activity, epigenetics, translation and transcription efficiency, and intracellular transport. They are also dysregulated in various pathophysiological processes, especially in diseases and cancers involving genomic imprinting. In recent years, numerous studies have linked lncRNAs to the pathophysiology of various kidney diseases. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms involved in lncRNAs, their impact on kidney diseases, and associated complications, as well as the value of lncRNAs as emerging biomarkers for the prevention and prognosis of kidney diseases, suggesting their potential as new therapeutic tools.
人类基因组中研究最广泛、最深入的序列是蛋白质编码基因，而人体中存在大量非编码序列，其多样性甚至超过编码序列，且具有更多潜在作用。随着非编码RNA研究的开展，长链非编码RNA（lncRNA），一类长度大于200个核苷酸、主要在细胞核中表达且很少在细胞质中表达的转录本，引起了我们的关注。lncRNA参与基因调控过程的各个层面，包括但不限于启动子活性、表观遗传学、翻译和转录效率以及细胞内运输。它们在各种病理生理过程中也存在失调，特别是在涉及基因组印记的疾病和癌症中。近年来，大量研究将lncRNA与各种肾脏疾病的病理生理学联系起来。本综述总结了lncRNA涉及的分子机制、它们对肾脏疾病及其相关并发症的影响，以及lncRNA作为肾脏疾病预防和预后新兴生物标志物的价值，表明它们作为新治疗工具的潜力。
