Sun Liying, Ye Xuhui, Wang Linlin, Yu Junping, Wu Yan, Hua Yun, Dai Lihua
Intensive Care Unit, Shidong Hospital, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China.
Department of Neurology, Shidong Hospital, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China.
Curr Mol Med. 2025;25(1):2-12. doi: 10.2174/0115665240281531231228051037.
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an acquired autoimmune disease that is mediated by humoral immunity, supplemented by cellular immunity, along with participation of the complement system. The pathogenesis of MG is complex; although autoimmune dysfunction is clearly implicated, the specific mechanism remains unclear. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNA molecules with lengths greater than 200 nucleotides, with increasing evidence of their rich biological functions and high-level structure conservation. LncRNAs can directly interact with proteins and microRNAs to regulate the expression of target genes at the transcription and post-transcription levels. In recent years, emerging studies have suggested that lncRNAs play roles in the differentiation of immune cells, secretion of immune factors, and complement production in the human body. This suggests the involvement of lncRNAs in the occurrence and progression of MG through various mechanisms. In addition, the differentially expressed lncRNAs in peripheral biofluid may be used as a biomarker to diagnose MG and evaluate its prognosis. Moreover, with the development of lncRNA expression regulation technology, it is possible to regulate the differentiation of immune cells and influence the immune response by regulating the expression of lncRNAs, which will provide a potential therapeutic option for MG. Here, we review the research progress on the role of lncRNAs in different pathophysiological events contributing to MG, focusing on specific lncRNAs that may largely contribute to the pathophysiology of MG, which could be used as potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
重症肌无力（MG）是一种获得性自身免疫性疾病，由体液免疫介导，细胞免疫辅助，补体系统参与。MG的发病机制复杂；虽然自身免疫功能障碍显然与之相关，但具体机制仍不清楚。长链非编码RNA（lncRNAs）是一类长度大于200个核苷酸的非编码RNA分子，越来越多的证据表明它们具有丰富的生物学功能和高度的结构保守性。LncRNAs可以直接与蛋白质和微小RNA相互作用，在转录和转录后水平调节靶基因的表达。近年来，新出现的研究表明，lncRNAs在人体免疫细胞分化、免疫因子分泌和补体产生中发挥作用。这表明lncRNAs通过各种机制参与MG的发生和发展。此外，外周生物流体中差异表达的lncRNAs可能用作诊断MG和评估其预后的生物标志物。此外，随着lncRNA表达调控技术的发展，有可能通过调控lncRNAs的表达来调节免疫细胞的分化并影响免疫反应，这将为MG提供一种潜在的治疗选择。在此，我们综述lncRNAs在导致MG的不同病理生理事件中的作用的研究进展，重点关注可能在很大程度上促成MG病理生理的特定lncRNAs，它们可作为潜在的诊断生物标志物和治疗靶点。
