Jung Kanghoon, Choi Youngjin, Kwon Hyung-Bae
Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Front Cell Neurosci. 2022 Oct 10;16:992409. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2022.992409. eCollection 2022.
Various cortical functions arise from the dynamic interplay of excitation and inhibition. GABAergic interneurons that mediate synaptic inhibition display significant diversity in cell morphology, electrophysiology, plasticity rule, and connectivity. These heterogeneous features are thought to underlie their functional diversity. Emerging attention on specific properties of the various interneuron types has emphasized the crucial role of cell-type specific inhibition in cortical neural processing. However, knowledge is still limited on how each interneuron type forms distinct neural circuits and regulates network activity in health and disease. To dissect interneuron heterogeneity at single cell-type precision, we focus on the chandelier cell (ChC), one of the most distinctive GABAergic interneuron types that exclusively innervate the axon initial segments (AIS) of excitatory pyramidal neurons. Here we review the current understanding of the structural and functional properties of ChCs and their implications in behavioral functions, network activity, and psychiatric disorders. These findings provide insights into the distinctive roles of various single-type interneurons in cortical neural coding and the pathophysiology of cortical dysfunction.
各种皮质功能源于兴奋与抑制之间的动态相互作用。介导突触抑制的γ-氨基丁酸能中间神经元在细胞形态、电生理学、可塑性规则和连接性方面表现出显著的多样性。这些异质性特征被认为是其功能多样性的基础。对各种中间神经元类型特定属性的日益关注强调了细胞类型特异性抑制在皮质神经处理中的关键作用。然而，关于每种中间神经元类型如何形成独特的神经回路以及在健康和疾病状态下调节网络活动的知识仍然有限。为了以单细胞类型的精度剖析中间神经元的异质性，我们聚焦于吊灯细胞（ChC），它是最独特的γ-氨基丁酸能中间神经元类型之一，专门支配兴奋性锥体神经元的轴突起始段（AIS）。在此，我们综述了目前对吊灯细胞的结构和功能特性及其在行为功能、网络活动和精神疾病中的意义的理解。这些发现为各种单一类型中间神经元在皮质神经编码和皮质功能障碍病理生理学中的独特作用提供了见解。
